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Anatomy And Physiology 2 Lecture > Review For The Final > Flashcards

Review For The Final Flashcards

1
Q

The cranial nerve that innervates smooth and cardiac muscles, glands of the most abdominal and thoracic organs is the ___________ nerve.

A

X

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2
Q

Globulins produced by plasma cells function as __________, while albumin is important for __________.

A

Antibodies; osmotic pressure

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3
Q

Low blood glucose level typically results in the secretion of all of the following EXCEPT:

A

insulin

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4
Q

The majority of red blood cell destruction occurs in the:

A

spleen

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5
Q

The walls of most blood vessels are innervated by

A

unmyelinated sympathetic neurons

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6
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved with chewing, moving the tongue, swallowing? All that apply

A

IX
V
X
XII

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7
Q

A patient suffers damage to the orbit in a road traffic incident resulting in damage to the third cranial nerve. Which of the following signs will be present?

A

dilation of the pupil

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8
Q

A single molecule of hemoglobin can transport up to ___ molecules of oxygen

A

4

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9
Q

ACTH controls secretion of ______________

A

cortisol

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10
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates release of this hormone.

A

Cortisol

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11
Q

Aldosterone regulates the blood sodium and potassium levels

A

True

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12
Q

All of the following are TRUE of red blood cells EXCEPT:

A

They function primarily in transport of CO 2 .

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13
Q

All of the following are plasma proteins

A

Albumins

Fibrinogen

Globulins

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14
Q

All of the following is true about blood pressure regulation

A

blood pressure depends on cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance

increase of blood volume will lead to increase of blood pressure

increase of venous return will increase blood pressure

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15
Q

Almost 75% of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the

A

Vagus nerve

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16
Q

An increase in plasma levels of EPO would cause RBC count to:

A

increase

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17
Q

An increase in plasma levels of erythropoietin will cause blood viscosity to__________________________________________________________________________________________

A

increase

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18
Q

An increase of sympathetic activity will cause airway diameter to

A

increase

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19
Q

As erythropoiesis continues, the number of organelles in a developing RBC will:

A

decrease

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20
Q

As the rate of red blood cell destruction increases , plasma bilirubin will_________________

A

increase

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21
Q

At the capillary, __________ causes fluid to leave the capillary and __________ causes fluid to enter the capillary.

A

blood pressure (hydrostatic pressure) , osmosis (osmotic pressure)

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22
Q

Blood vessel diameter increases (vasodilation) , peripheral vascular resistance ______________________

A

decreases

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23
Q

Choose correct statements

A

Parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate

Preganglionic axons of sympathetic nervous system are short

Postganglionic axons of parasympathetic nervous system are short

Parasympathetic ganglia located very close to target organ.

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24
Q

Decrease of plasma osmotic pressure in the systemic capillary will __________________________reabsorption of fluid from interstitial space.

A

decrease

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25
Q

Effectors of autonomic nervous system are all of the following except

A

skeletal muscle

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26
Q

Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream for transport to target organs.

A

True

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27
Q

Epinephrine binds to

A

Adrenergic receptors

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28
Q

Given these parts of an autonomic reflex:

  1. afferent neuron
  2. association neuron (integrating center)
  3. effector cell
  4. efferent neuron
  5. sensory receptor

Choose the correct order an action potential travels through them from a stimulus to the resulting action.

A

5,1,2,4,3

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29
Q

Growth Hormone promotes

A

cell division
protein synthesis
bone growth

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30
Q

Hormones produced by thyroid galnd are responsible for regulating metabolic rate and calcium and phosphate ion concentration in the blood. Which thyroid hormone lowers calcium and phosphate ion concentration in the blood?

A

Calcitonin

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31
Q

If ______ is lacking in the diet, the thyroid gland enlarges, producing a goiter.

A

iodine

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32
Q

If you were to eat four sugar glaze doughnuts and a large pepsi, which hormone would you expect to be secreted at higher levels:

A

insulin

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33
Q

In response to a decrease in blood oxygen content, plasma level of erythropoietin would______________________________________________________________________

A

increase

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34
Q

Increase of hydrostatic pressure in the capillary will ______________________________Net Filtration Rate .

A

increase

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35
Q

Insulin functions to ___________________

A

promote the storage of nutrients

lower the blood glucose level by stimulating liver, fat and muscle cells to metabolize glucose

stimulate uptake of glucose by cells

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36
Q

Lack of this hormone results in weight gain, slow heart rate, muscle weakness, general fatigue.

A

T3, T4, thyroxine

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37
Q

Muscarinic receptors are proteins that bind the neurotransmitter

A

acetylcholine

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38
Q

Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic neurons are present in all of the following cranial nerves, except

A

XII

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39
Q

Receptors that respond to nor- epinephrine are know as

A

adrenergic receptors

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40
Q

Renin production increases when blood flow to the kidney_________________________

A

decrease

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41
Q

Sweat glands and arrector pili muscles are controlled

A

by sympathetic nervous system only

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42
Q

The adrenal gland consists of _______________

A

the inner medulla and the outer cortex

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43
Q

The diameter of many blood vessels is controlled exclusively by the ________

A

sympathetic nervous system

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44
Q

The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles is

A

Somatic nervous system

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45
Q

The endocrine system is quicker than the nervous system

A

False

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46
Q

The endocrine system:

A

releases chemicals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body

releases hormones that alter the metabolic activities of many different tissues and organs

can alter gene activity of cells

produces effects that can last for hours, days, or even longers

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47
Q

The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine tissue

A

True

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48
Q

The pancreatic cells that secrete glucagon are the

A

Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans

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49
Q

The pancreatic cells that secrete insulin are the:

A

Beta cells of islets of Langerhans

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50
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system could me anatomically referred to as the

A

Craniosacral division

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51
Q

The primary neurotransmitter of parasympathetic nervous system is

A

Acetylcholine

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52
Q

The production of this hormone decreases with age.

A

Growth Hormone

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53
Q

The production of this hormone is increased during sleep.

A

Growth Hormone

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54
Q

The production of this hormone is increased in the morning

A

Cortisol

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55
Q

This division of the ANS is involved with salivation

A

parasympathetic division

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56
Q

This division of the ANS is will cause pupil constriction.

A

parasympathetic division

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57
Q

This division of the ANS originates from the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord.

A

sympathetic nervous system

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58
Q

This division originates in craniosacral region

A

parasympathetic division

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59
Q

This hormone activates osteoclast and inhibits osteoblast,

A

Parathyroid Hormone

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60
Q

This hormone acts on the intestines and causes increased calcium absorption

A

calcitriol

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61
Q

This hormone causes retention of water by the kidney

A

Antidiuretic hormone

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62
Q

This hormone causes vasoconstriction

A

Antidiuretic hormone , norepinephrine

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63
Q

This hormone contains iodine

A

Thyroxin, T3 and T4

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64
Q

This hormone decreases arterial blood pressure

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

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65
Q

This hormone decreases blood calcium level

A

Calcitonin

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66
Q

This hormone decreases blood glucose level

A

Insulin

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67
Q

This hormone has calorigenic effect

A

Thyroxin, T3 and T4

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68
Q

This hormone increases blood calcium level

A

Parathyroid hormone

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69
Q

This hormone increases blood glucose level

A

Glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, norepinephrine

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70
Q

This hormone increases the heart rate and the force of heart contraction

A

Norepinephrine and thyroxine (T3 and T4)

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71
Q

This hormone is also known as a neurotransmitter.

A

Norepinephrine

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72
Q

This hormone is the primary male sex hormone as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair.

A

Testosterone

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73
Q

This hormone leads to an increase of ATP production

A

Thyroxin, T3 and T4

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74
Q

This hormone leads to increase in blood pressure

A

ADH, aldosterone, norepinephrine

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75
Q

This hormone provides reabsorption of sodium in the kidney which leads to water retention

A

Aldosterone

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76
Q

This hormone regulates production of red blood cells

A

Erythropoietin

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77
Q

This hormone stimulates protein synthesis and overall growth of most cells and tissues.

A

Growth Hormone

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78
Q

Thyroid- Stimulating hormone stimulates release of this hormone

A

Thyroxin, T3 and T4

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79
Q

Vasopressin is the same hormone as

A

antidiuretic hormone

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80
Q

When an effector receives input from both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions, it is said to have ________ innervation.

A

dual

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81
Q

When normal arterial blood pressure decreases, baroreceptors cause a response that

A

returns blood pressure to normal

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82
Q

Where are the posterior pituitary hormones manufactured?

A

In the hypothalamus

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83
Q

Which capillary type would you claim to be the most permeable to large proteins?

A

sinusoid

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84
Q

Which division functions to conserve energy and replenish the supply of nutrients?

A

parasympathetic

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85
Q

Which hormone directly affects blood pressure?

A

ADH
Vasopressin

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86
Q

Which is not an effector innervated by the autonomic nervous system?

A

skeletal muscle

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87
Q

Which is the most significant factor affecting peripheral vascular resistance?

A

blood vessels diameter

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88
Q

Which may be involved in an autonomic reflex?

A

smooth muscles
cardiac muscle
sweat glands

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89
Q

Which number indicated postganglionic axon

A

1

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90
Q

Which of the following actions is caused by skeletal muscle

A

Eye movement

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91
Q

Which of the following contains granules filled with histamine and heparin

A

Basophil

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92
Q

Which of the following is NOT correctly matched with its function?

A

Immunoglobulin– involved in fibrin production

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93
Q

Which of the following is TRUE ?

A

Platelets are fragments of cells known as megakaryocytes and they persist in the circulation for 10-12 days.

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94
Q

Which of the following is TRUE of blood?

A

Blood consists of formed elements and plasma.

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95
Q

Which of the following is TRUE?

A

The binding of hemoglobin to oxygen is reversible

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96
Q

Which of the following is True about Hemoglobin?

A

Can bind both oxygen and carbon monoxide

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97
Q

Which of the following is True about red blood cells?

A

Function in oxygen and carbon dioxide transport

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98
Q

Which of the following is True about typical red blood cell?

A

Could eventually be engulfed by a macrophage in the spleen

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99
Q

Which of the following is true?

A

The sympathetic division of ANS is known as thoracolumbar division

Sympathetic ganglia are usually located near the spinal cord

Sympathetic nervous system innervates the smooth muscle in arteries and veins

Sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies are found in the thoracic spinal cord lateral horns

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100
Q

Which of the following organs produces most of the plasma proteins?

A

liver

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101
Q

Which of the following would not be expected during “fight or flight” response?

A

increase in digestive activity

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102
Q

Which of these conditions occur as a result of increased angiotensin II production?

A

a.
vasoconstriction
b.
increase venous return
c.
increase preload
d.
increase aldosterone secretion

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103
Q

Which of these mechanisms results in increased blood pressure?

A

increased production of renin

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104
Q

Which statement accurately compares the motor systems of the somatic nervous system (SNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

A

The ANS does have ganglia for its motor neuron and SNS does not.

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105
Q

Which statement is CORRECT?

A

a.
Afterload is a resistance in arteries to ejection of blood by ventricles

b.
Preload is the amount of venricular stretch at the end of ventricular diastole
c.
inotropic agents alter contractility (force of the contraction of the heart)
d.
Stroke volume is affected by afterload, preload, and

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106
Q

__________ mechanisms are most important for regulating arterial pressure on a short-term basis; __________ mechanisms are most important for regulating arterial pressure on a long-term basis.

A

baroreceptor / hormonal

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107
Q
A

it represents depolarization of the ventricles

it is QRS complex

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108
Q
A

it is T wave

it represents repolarization of the ventricles

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109
Q
A

it represents depolarization of the atria with a delay in the atrioventricular node. It allows more time for the atria to contract before the ventricles during the cardiac cycle

it is PR interval

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110
Q
A

It is P wave

it represents depolarization of the atria

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111
Q

5

A

Effector

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112
Q

What is happening in the heart from point A to point B

A

ventricular diastole

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113
Q

Which of the diagrams illustrates a parasympathetic ANS pathway?

A

2

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114
Q

decussation of pyramids is the crossing of nerve fibers of the motor tract at the ventral/anterior side on the lower portion of the medulla oblongata.

A

True

115
Q

Extracellular potassium levels are ____________________ intracellular potassium levels

A

lower than

116
Q

The axons of some neurons in the CNS are protected by glial cells that form a myelin sheath around the axons. These glial cells are called

A

Oligodendrocytes

117
Q

Which of the following is TRUE?

A

The vermis is found in between the 2 cerebellar hemispheres.

The cerebellum plays a role in coordinating the movements involved in throwing a baseball.

Wernicke’s area is involved in understanding spoken language

118
Q

Which of the following statements is true?

A

Neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells) form a myelin sheath around axons in the peripheral nervous system, and oligodendrocytes form a myelin sheath around axons in the central nervous system

119
Q

Pericardial fluid is found between the parietal serous pericardium and the _____________.

A

Epicardium

120
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved with chewing, moving the tongue, swallowing? All that apply

A

IX
V
X
XII

121
Q

A decrease in venous return will cause stroke volume to _____________________________

A

decrease

122
Q

A moderate increase in ventricular stretch due to increased venous return would _________________________ contractility of the ventricle.

A

increase

123
Q

A moderate increase in ventricular stretch due to increased venous return would _________________________ contractility of the ventricle.

A

increase

124
Q

A neuron has a polarized membrane, which means it is relatively positive on the outside of the membrane and negative on the inside. Which of the following creates this opposite charge characteristic of a neuron’s membrane?

A

Na+/K+exchange pump transfers 3 sodium outside and brings 2 potassium inside the cell

Higher protein concentration inside the cell

K+ diffuses outward through leak channels

125
Q

A neuron has a polarized membrane, which means it is relatively positive on the outside of the membrane and negative on the inside. Which of the following creates this opposite charge characteristic of a neuron’s membrane?

A

Na+/K+exchange pump transfers 3 sodium outside and brings 2 potassium inside the cell

Higher protein concentration inside the cell

K+ diffuses outward through leak channels

126
Q

A single molecule of hemoglobin can transport up to ___ molecules of oxygen

A

4

127
Q

Agents that increase the heart rate are known as

A

positive chronotropic agents

128
Q

All of the following are functions of hypothalamus.

A

temperature regulation
master control of autonomic and endocrine systems
production of antidiuretic hormone
control of food intake

129
Q

All of the following statements are false statements, except one

A

spinal cord has a central canal that continuous with the fourth ventricle of the brain

130
Q

All of the following statements are true statements regarding blood pressure regulation

A

blood pressure is influenced by cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance

increase of blood volume will lead to increase of blood pressure

increase of venous return will increase blood pressure

increase of cardiac output will lead to increase of blood pressure

131
Q

All of the following vessels empty into the right atrium

A

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

coronary sinus

132
Q

An increase in contractility will cause stroke volume to __________________________

A

increase

133
Q

An increase in plasma levels of erythropoietin will cause blood viscosity to__________________________________________________________________________________________

A

increase

134
Q

An increase in sympathetic activity will cause airway diameter to

A

increase

135
Q

Angiotensin II ___________________production of aldosterone

A

increases

136
Q

As blood flows from the aorta to the right atrium , its oxygen content will_______________

A

decrease

137
Q

As blood flows from the left atrium to the ascending aorta , its oxygen content will________

A

stay the same

138
Q

As blood flows from the left atrium to the ascending aorta , its oxygen content will________

A

stay the same

139
Q

As end diastolic volume increases , stroke volume will__________________________________________

A

increase

140
Q

As the rate of red blood cell destruction increases , plasma bilirubin will_________________

A

increase

141
Q

At the capillary, __________ causes fluid to leave the capillary and __________ causes fluid to enter the capillary.

A

blood pressure (hydrostatic pressure) , osmosis (osmotic pressure)

142
Q

Blood is prevented from backflowing INTO the right ventricle by the:

A

pulmonary valve

143
Q

Blood vessel diameter decreases(vasocondtriction) , peripheral vascular resistance ______________________

A

increases

144
Q

Calculate stroke volume given the following: EDV - 120 cc, ESV - 40 cc

A

80 cc

145
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the __________.

A

ependymal cells of the choroid plexus

146
Q

Choose true statement about flow and production of cerebrospinal fluid

A

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by choroid plexuses

There is about 500 cc of CSF produced in 24 hours and the same amount is reabsorbed back in the blood stream

CSF reduces apparent weight of the brain 95% and prevents collapse of brain through foramen magnum

147
Q

Choose the correct statement

A

in the nervous system the strength of the stimulus is determined by the frequency of action potential

148
Q

Choose the correct statement about cerebrospinal fluid

A

is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses

149
Q

Choose the incorrect statement from the list that follows

A

during repolarization phase of action potential, the neuron becomes more sensitive to new stimulus

150
Q

Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system has

A

more widespread and long lasting effect

151
Q

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, water balance, and thirst are functions associated with the:

A

hypothalamus

152
Q

Corpus callosum facilitates communication between right and left hemispheres

A

True

153
Q

Decrease of hydrostatic pressure in the capillary will ______________________________Net Filtration Rate .

A

decrease

154
Q

Decrease of plasma osmotic pressure in the systemic capillary will __________________________reabsorption of fluid from interstitial space.

A

decrease

155
Q

Depolarization is the term used to describe the movement of __________ ions to the inside of a neuron while repolarization is the term used to describe the movement of __________ ions to the outside of neuron

A

Sodium/ potassium

156
Q

During repolarization, the sodium channels are closed and inactivated. How does this affect a neuron?

A

The neuron cannot respond to new stimuli

157
Q

End diastolic volume is

A

amount of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole

158
Q

Find a wrong statement

A

ulnar nerve arises from thoracic plexus

159
Q

Find true statement

A

effectors of somatic motor nervous system are skeletal muscles
central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system consists of nerves and ganglia
chemical synapse is the most common synapse in the nervous system

160
Q

How does sympathetic nervous system increase stroke volume?

A

By increasing contractility of the ventricles

161
Q

If a small amount of chloride Cl- entered the soma of the motor neuron through chemically gated channels, which of the following would occur?

A

Hyperpolarization will occur and the neuron would less likely to fire action potential

162
Q

If a sodium channel in the plasma membrane of a neuron open, the [Na+] will move

A

inside the cell

163
Q

Impulses that are going toward the CNS are called __________ and impulses going away from the CNS are called __________.

A

Afferent, efferent

164
Q

In the spinal cord, gray matter is organized into

A

dorsal and ventral horns

165
Q

Increase in afterload will lead to ______________________of stroke volume

A

decrease

166
Q

Increase of hydrostatic pressure in the capillary will ______________________________Net Filtration Rate .

A

increase

167
Q

Mr. Right was in a horrific snowmobile accident. Afterwards he had a loss of balance. Which major brain region was probably damaged?

A

Cerebellum

168
Q

Mr. Smith suffered a stroke. He is able to understand verbal and written language, but when he tries to speak, his words are garbled. What cortical region did the stroke damage?

A

Broca’s area

169
Q

Neurons consist of a cell body, axons, and _________________________, which receive information.

A

dendrites

170
Q

Normal expected blood pressure for an adult is less than 115/70. What do the numbers indicate when writing blood pressure?

A

The top number (115) is systolic pressure, the bottom number (70) is diastolic pressure

171
Q

Physical and emotional stress _________________________production of cortisol.

A

increases

172
Q

Predict what would happen with the Heart rate (HR) , Stroke volume (SV), and Cardiac output (CO) with increased sympathetic output

A

Increased HR, increased SV, Increased CO

173
Q

Put the following components of the conduction system of the heart in the correct order:

  1. Purkinje Fibers
  2. SA node
  3. AV bundle
  4. AV node
  5. Bundle Branches
A

2 4 3 5 1

174
Q

Renin production increases when blood flow to the kidney_________________________

A

decrease

175
Q

Suppose a red blood cell is in the coronary sinus. What heart valve will it pass next?

A

tricuspid valve

176
Q

The S1(first) sound of the heart is caused by the _______ of the ______.

A

Closing; AV valves

177
Q

The _____________ prevents backflow from the right ventricle into the right atrium

A

tricuspid valve

178
Q

The all-or-none principle states that

A

all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane potential to threshold will produce identical action potential

179
Q

The center of somatic motor control that plans and initiates voluntary motor activity is the

A

Cerebral cortex

180
Q

The diameter of many blood vessels is controlled exclusively by the ________

A

sympathetic nervous system

181
Q

The following are a list of vessels and structures associated with the heart.

1) Right atrium

2) Left atrium

3) Right ventricle

4) Left ventricle

5) Vena cavae

6) Aorta

7) Pulmonary trunk

8) Pulmonary veins

A

5,1,3,7,8,2,4,6

182
Q

The junction between two communicating neurons is called the

A

synapse

183
Q

The length of sympathitic preganglionic axon is ___________________________________lenght of the parasympathetic preganglionic axon.

A

shorter that

184
Q

The meninges cover the __________.

A

The brain and the spinal cord

185
Q

The primary neurotransmitter of parasympathetic nervous system is

A

acetylcholine

186
Q

The rhythm of the heart is normally set by the cells of the

A

Sinoatrial node

187
Q

The right side of the heart is associated with the ___________ circulation and the left side of the heart is associated with the ________ circulation.

A

Pulmonary; systemic

188
Q

The sequence of contraction of the heart chambers is:

A

both atria followed by both ventricles

189
Q

The skeletal muscles are controlled by the _______________________________nervous system

A

somatic motor nervous system

190
Q

The smooth muscles and glands are controlled by the __________________________ nervous system.

A

autonomic nervous system

191
Q

The three major parts of the brain stem are the:

A

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

192
Q

The waste product bilirubin is produced from_(be specific)

A

Heme -group

193
Q

There are ___________ pairs of cervical spinal nerves and ___________ pairs of thoracic spinal nerves

A

8 and 12

194
Q

Choose the correct statement about the phase labeled on the graph Following graph represetns voltage changes across plasma membrane durigng action potential

A

it is depolarization phase of action potential

195
Q

Choose the correct statement about the phase labeled on the graph Following graph represetns voltage changes across plasma membrane durigng action potential

A

it is depolarization phase of action potential

196
Q

Find the correct statement about the phase labeled on the graph Following graph represetns voltage changes across plasma membrane durigng action potential

A

It is repolarization phase of action potential

197
Q

Find the correct statement about the phase labeled on the graph Following graph represetns voltage changes across plasma membrane durigng action potential

A

It is repolarization phase of action potential

198
Q

Find the correct statement about the phase of action potential labeled on theFollowing graph represetns voltage changes across plasma membrane durigng action potential graph

A

During this phase voltage -gated sodium channels are open and sodium enters the cell making cell more positive inside

199
Q

Voltage-gated ion channels are found on

A

axon hillock, unmyelinated axons, and nodes of Ranvier on myelinated axons

200
Q

Voluntary movement of the right hand is caused by neural activity in the

A

Left precentral gyrus

201
Q

What is refractory period?

A

refractory period is a short period during action potential when the cell cannot respond to a new stimulus

202
Q

What is the function of the mineralocorticoids secreted by the adrenal gland?

A

Provides reabsorption of sodium in the kidney by stimulating Na/K pump, increasing reabsorption of water by the kidney

203
Q

What structures work to prevent prolapse (i.e., flipping up) of the atrioventricular valves?

A

chordae tendineae

204
Q

When during the cardiac cycle do ventricles contain their maximal amount of blood? What is this quantity called?

A

At the end of atrial systole/ EDV

205
Q

When someone touches a hot stove, the rapid, automatic, preprogrammed response that preserves homeostasis is provided by the

A

spinal reflex

206
Q

When the action potential reaches the terminal end of an axon

A

vesicles of neurotransmitter fuse with the outer membrane and release the neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft

207
Q

When the sodium potassium pump breaks down a molecule of ATP, ______ K+ ions are moved into the cell and ______ Na+ are moved out of the cell.

A

2/3

208
Q

Which capillary type would you claim to be the most permeable to large proteins?

A

sinusoid

209
Q

Which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall?

A

Left ventricle

210
Q

Which may be involved in an autonomic reflex?

A

smooth muscles
cardiac muscle
sweat glands

211
Q

Which of the following contains deoxygenated blood?

A

Coronary sinus

212
Q

Which of the following does not empty into the right atrium?

A

pulmonary veins

213
Q

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the heart?

A

The largest chamber (the left ventricle) pumps the most blood

214
Q

Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

A

The medulla oblongata is superior to the pons

215
Q

Which of the following is TRUE?

A

The left ventricle is the pump of the systemic circuit.

The heart is found in the mediastinum.

The heart contains 2 pumps arranged in series.

The left ventricle generates more pressure than the right

216
Q

Which of the following is TRUE?

A

Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute.

Cardiac output is the product of heart rate and stroke volume

Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected from the ventricle each beat

217
Q

Which of the following is a function of glial cells?

A

Sending action potentials to effector tissues

218
Q

Which of the following is TRUE?

A

The majority of red blood cell destruction occurs in the spleen

219
Q

Which of the following is TRUE?

A

Cardiac output from right ventricle is equal to cardiac output from left ventricle

220
Q

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A

First heart sound is associated with closure of both atrioventricular valves

Right ventricle pumps for the pulmonary circuit

Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary capillaries

Coronary sinus carries blood higher in CO2 than in O2

221
Q

Which of the following will contain deoxygenated blood?

A

coronary sinus

222
Q

Which of these conditions occur as a result of increased angiotensin II production?

A

vasoconstriction

increase venous return

increase preload

increase aldosterone secretion

223
Q

Which statement is false about reflex

A

Reflex is a voluntary rapid response to the stimulus

224
Q

__________ mechanisms are most important for regulating arterial pressure on a short-term basis; __________ mechanisms are most important for regulating arterial pressure on a long-term basis.

A

baroreceptor / hormonal

225
Q

if sodium - potassium exchange pumps in the plasma membrane fail to function due to lack of ATP , all of the following occur, except

A

the intracellular concentration of potassium ions will increase

226
Q

Cranial nerve: I

A

Smell

227
Q

Cranial nerve: II

A

Vision

228
Q

Cranial nerve: III

A

Control of skeletal muscle that move the eye

229
Q

Cranial nerve: V

A

Sense of touch, pain, pressure from the face area

230
Q

Cranial nerve: VII

A

Taste form the anterior part of the tongue

231
Q

Cranial nerve: IX

A

Taste form the posterior tongue and muscles of the pharynx (swallowing)

232
Q

Cranial nerve: X

A

Parasympathetic innervation of visceral organs of abdominal and thoracic cavities

233
Q

Cranial nerve: XI

A

Flexion and extension of the head

234
Q

Cranial nerve: XII

A

Muscles of the tongue

235
Q

Cranial nerve: I

A

Smell

236
Q

Cranial nerve: II

A

Vision

237
Q

Cranial nerve: III

A

Control of skeletal muscles that move the eye

238
Q

Cranial nerve: V

A

Sense of touch, pain, pressure from the face area

239
Q

Cranial nerve: VII

A

Taste form then anterior part of the tongue

240
Q

Cranial nerve: VIII

A

Hearing and balance

241
Q

Cranial nerve: IX

A

Taste form the posterior tongue and muscles of the pharynx (swallowing)

242
Q

Cranial nerve: X

A

Parasympathetic innervation of visceral organs of abdominal and thoracic cavities

243
Q

Cranial nerve: XI

A

Flexion and extension of the head

244
Q

Cranial nerve: XII

A

Muscles of the tongue

245
Q

Growth hormone

A

Adenohypophysis

246
Q

T3 and T4

A

Thyroid gland

247
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Parathyroid gland

248
Q

Aldosterone

A

Zona glomeruloza of the adrenal cortex

249
Q

Cortisol

A

Zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex

250
Q

Calcitriol

A

Kidney

251
Q

Insulin

A

beta cells of islets of Langerhance

252
Q

Glucagon

A

alpha cells of islets of Langerhance

253
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

hypothalamus

254
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

A

Heart

255
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

A

Adenohypophysis

256
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Kidney

257
Q

Calcitonin

A

Thyroid gland

258
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

cardiovascular center

259
Q

precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

A

primary motor cortex

260
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

complex cognitive behavior, planning , judgment

261
Q

postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe

A

primary somatosensory cortex

262
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual cortex

263
Q

temporal lobe

A

auditory cortex

264
Q

insular lobe

A

interpretation of taste

265
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Respiratory center

266
Q

Substantia nigra

A

dopamine production

267
Q

thalamus

A

receives sensory input and directs it to centers of the cerebral cortex

268
Q

Broca’s area

A

motor speech area

269
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

language comprehension

270
Q

Hypothalamus

A

controls water intake

271
Q

red nucleus of midbrain

A

control of erector spinae group muscles

272
Q

Occipital cerebral cortex

A

visual center

273
Q

reticular formation

A

controls level of consciousness

274
Q

cerebellum

A

balance and coordination

275
Q

Albumins

A

Maintains plasma osmotic colloid pressure

276
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Transports oxygen to the tissue

277
Q

Immunoglobulins

A

Antibodies for defence

278
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Blood coagulation

279
Q

Transferrin

A

Iron transporter

280
Q

Basophil

A

Contains histamine and heparin

281
Q

Monocyte

A

Future macrophage

282
Q

Neutrophil

A

Fights bacteria

283
Q

Which of the following is true

A

The left ventricle generates more pressure than the right ventricle

The heart is found in the mediastinum.

The tricuspid valve prevents backflow from the right ventricle into the right atrium.

During early ventricular systole (isovolumetric contraction) , the AV valves are closed and the semilunar valves are closed.

Anatomy And Physiology 2 Lecture (37 decks)

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