Endocrine System Diseases

Question 1

Pituitary Gland

Answer 1

Acromegaly
Giantism
Diabetes Insipidus
Dwarfism

Question 2

Acromegaly

Answer 2

Cause: over secretion of GH in an adult, tumor of pituitary
S&Sx: increased growth of bones in hands, feet, and face

Question 3

Giantism

Answer 3

Cause: over secretion of GH before puberty
S&Sx: excessive growth of long bones, extreme tallness, decreased sexual development

Question 4

Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 4

Cause: lack of ADH secretion
S&Sx: polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyuria (excessive urine production), dehydration, weakness, dry skin, no glucose in urine
Tx: ADH replacement

Question 5

Dwarfism

Answer 5

Cause: under secretion of GH due to tumor, infection, genetics, or injury
S&Sx: small body size, short extremities, skeletal abnormalities
Tx: injections of GH at times

Question 6

Thyroid Gland

Answer 6

Hyperthyroidism
Goiter
Graves Disease
Hypothyroidism (2 types)

Question 7

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 7

Cause: overactive thyroid gland, increased BMR
S&Sx: nervousness, tremors, weight loss, goiter
Tx: Surgery or radiation

Question 8

Goiter

Answer 8

Cause: Hyperactive thyroid or iodine deficiency
S&Sx: thyroid enlargement, dysphagia, choking sensation, or radiation

Question 9

Graves Disease

Answer 9

Cause: Severe form of hyperthyroidism
S&Sx: strained and tense facial expression, exophthalmia (protruding eyeballs).
Tx: meds radioactive iodine or thyroidectomy

Question 10

Hypothyroidism (Early Childhood)

Answer 10

AKA Cretinism. Cause: under active thyroid
-Occurs in infants/ early childhood
-Mental & physical growth retardation, lack of weight
Tx: Thyroid Hormones

Question 11

Hypothyroidism (Late Childhood/Adults)

Answer 11

AKA Myxedema. Cause: under active thyroid
-later in childhood/adults
-Coarse, dry skin; slow mental fx, intolerance of cold, wgt gain, edema, puffy eyes & slow pulse. due to lack of iodine goiter may develop
Tx: Thyroid hormones

Question 12

Parathyroid Glands

Answer 12

Hyperparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism

Question 13

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 13

Cause: over active parathyroid
-High level of calcium in blood
-Results in kidney stones/weak bones
Tx: surgical removal of gland

Question 14

Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 14

Cause: under active parathyroid
-Low level of calcium in blood
S&Sx: Tetany - sustained muscular contraction, Hyperirritability of nervous system, death can occur
Tx: calcium & vitamin D

Question 15

Adrenal Glands

Answer 15

Addison’s disease
Cushing’s syndrome
Aldosteronism
Adrenogenital syndrome

Question 16

Addison’s disease

Answer 16

Cause:Decreased secretion of aldosterone (mineralcorticiod)
S&Sx: Bronzing of skin, dehydration, fatigue, mental lethargy, wgt loss
Tx: Tx with steroids

Question 17

Cushing’s Syndrome

Answer 17

Cause: Over secretion of glucocorticoids
S&Sx: Hyperglycemia, moon face & obesity
Tx: Can occur from taking Rx glucocorticoids

Question 18

Aldosteronism

Answer 18

abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone, usually due to adrenal tumors
Sx: hypertension and edema, abnormal nonresponsive neurons and muscle

Question 19

Androgenital syndrome

Answer 19

too much androgen secretion; in males -> early maturation and aggressive sex drive; females -> beard and masculination

Question 20

Pancreas

Answer 20

Diabetes Mellitus (2 Types)

Question 21

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 21

Cause: decreased secretion of insulin. Metabolism of carbs, proteins & fats affected.
S&Sx: Hyperglycemia, Polydipsia (excessive thirst), Polyphagia (excessive hunger), Polyuria (excessive urine production), Glucosuria (sugar in urine), weight loss, Fatigue, Slow healing of wounds, Vision changes
Tx: diet, exercise, oral hypoglycemics, insulin

Question 22

type 1 diabetes mellitus

Answer 22

diabetes in which there is no beta cell production of insulin (hyposecretion of insulin)

Question 23

type 2 diabetes mellitus

Answer 23

insulin receptors aren’t working (hypoactivity of insulin)

Question 24

Hyperprolactinemia

Answer 24

Higher-than-normal prolactin levels, which may result in spontaneous breastmilk production, lack of menses, and infertility. Causes include pituitary tumors and some pharmaceuticals.

Question 25

Hyperinsulinism

Answer 25

excessive insulin secretion. Causes hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)