Endocrine system: glands

Question 1

Role of Endocrine System

Answer 1

• maintain homeostasis

Question 2

Define Homeostasis

Answer 2

• constant internal environment is maintained despite changes in external environment
• Nervous system: quick response
• Endocrine system: Slower system, long term control over homeostasis

Question 3

What are the types of endocrine glands

Answer 3

• Glands release hormones
• Exocrine gland: secrete products into ducts
• Endocrine gland: secrete product into bloodstream

Question 4

Target cells

Answer 4

• cells that have receptors for specific hormones
• receptors on cell membrane or inside
• can cause: permeability in membrane, synthesis of proteins, activation or inactivation of enzymes, stimulation of mitosis (cell div.)

Question 5

Regulation of hormones (neg feedback loop)

Answer 5

• hormones lvl regulated thru neg. feedback
• accumulation of products switches off hormone synthesis to maintain homeostasis
• prevents small changes from becoming large
• resist change
• endocrine system is run by negative feedback loop

Question 6

Positive feedback loop

Answer 6

• reinforce change (small effect reinforced)
• allows discrete event to be accomplished faster
• when event is accomplished, feedback stops

Question 7

parts of endocrine system that affect blood sugar levels

Answer 7

• pancreas

- adrenal glands

Question 8

Pancreas

Answer 8

• located btwn spleen and small intestine
• dual purpose gland, bcs it produces hormones and enzymes
• has endocrine and exocrine function
• contains cells that produce digestive enzymes and hormones

Question 9

Adrenal Gland

Answer 9

• bean shaped gland on top of kidney
• outer cortex and inner medulla regions
• prepares for stress

Question 10

Hormones that affect metabolism

Answer 10

• thyroid
• parathyroid
• anterior pituitary

Question 11

Thyroid Gland

Answer 11

• 2 lobes located on surface of trachea
• produce hormones
• helps regulate metabolism by controlling rate at which glucose is used

Question 12

Parathyroid

Answer 12

• made up of 4 small masses embedded in back surface of thyroid gland
• respond directly to chemical changes
• work w/ thyroid to keep Ca lvls in homeostasis

Question 13

Hypothalamus

Answer 13

• Receive info from sensory neuron to maintain homeostasis
• control pituitary gland
• produce releasing factors and inhibiting factors
• produces ADH and oxytocin

Question 14

Releasing factors

Answer 14

• stimulate anterior pituitary to release stored hormone

Question 15

Inhibiting factor

Answer 15

• stop pituitary secretions and inhibits production of hormones by anterior pituitary
• factors travel from hypothalamus to pituitary by blood vessels

Question 16

Pituitary Gland

Answer 16

• controls other endocrine glands
• connected to hypothalamus
• produces and stores hormones
• 2 lobes: posterior and anterior

Question 17

Posterior Pituitary

Answer 17

• does not make hormones
• made of nervous tissue
• stores and releases hormones made by hypothalamus (ADH and oxytocin)
• hormones sent from hypothalamus by neurosecretory cells
• release hormones by nerve stimulation

Question 18

Anterior Pituitary

Answer 18

• Makes own hormones
• Made of glandular tissue
• makes, stores and releases hormones