Endocrine System Pt. 1

Question 1

The endocrine system works with the nervous system to ____

Answer 1

Control and coordinate all body functions or to maintain homeostasis

Question 2

Similar in action like nervous it has messengers (like the neurotransmitters in the nervous) called

Answer 2

hormones

Question 3

What are hormones made by

Answer 3

endocrine gland cells or modified neurons

Question 4

T/F Nervous system works quickly but cannot sustain responses for an extended period of time

Answer 4

True

Question 5

How fast does the endocrine system work

Answer 5

works slowly but can sustain responses for long periods

Question 6

Where are endocrine glands located

Answer 6

throughout the body

Question 7

What do endocrine glands secrete and where do they secrete these thing directly to

Answer 7

secrete minute amounts of hormones and goes directly to the bloodstream

Question 8

What differentiates endocrine glands from exocrine glands

Answer 8

they are ductless glands
Exocrine glands secrete things through ducts

Question 9

When is an action only produced

Answer 9

Only produces an action when the hormone is bound to their specific receptor either in the cell or on the cell

Question 10

What happens if the hormone doesn’t fit in the receptor

Answer 10

it won’t bind (acts as a key)

Question 11

If a cell has a receptor for a specific hormone, it is called

Answer 11

the cell is a target for the hormone

Question 12

three main groups of hormones

Answer 12

peptides, steroid, monoamine

Question 13

peptide hormones have chains of what

Answer 13

amino acids (AAs) can be a few or up to >200

Question 14

are peptides hydrophilic or hydrophobic

Answer 14

hydrophilic (water soluble)

Question 15

What is the benefit of peptides being hydrophilic

Answer 15

makes it easier to travel in blood

Question 16

where are the receptors of peptide hormones found

Answer 16

on cell membranes of targets

Question 17

Steroid hormones are ______ made from

Answer 17

Lipids made from Cholesterol

Question 18

Since the steroid hormones are made from lipids, are they hydrophilic or hydrophobic

Answer 18

hydrophobic or insoluble in water

Question 19

since steroids are hydrophobic, what must they do so they can travel through the blood

Answer 19

must bind to a hydrophilic transport protein to move in plasma

Question 20

hormones attached to a transport protein are called

Answer 20

“bound hormones”

Question 21

Hormones that are not attached to a transport protein are

Answer 21

“free hormone / unbound”

Question 22

“free /unbounded” hormones are the only steroid hormones that can what

Answer 22

leave the bloodstream and reach the target cell

Question 23

where are receptors for steroid hormones found

Answer 23

inside the cell
either in the cytoplasm or nucleus

Question 24

Lipids make it easier for the steroid hormones to do what

Answer 24

easier to pass through the cell wall

Question 25

Monoamine hormones are derived from

Answer 25

derived from amino acids and retain an amino group group gives name

Question 26

one type of monoamine hormones is catecholamine. what are two catecholamine

Answer 26

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 27

is epi/norepi hydrophilic or hydrophobic

Answer 27

hydrophilic dissolved in plasma like peptides

Question 28

where are epi/norepi receptors located

Answer 28

on cell membranes

Question 29

Another type of monoamine hormones that are not catecholamine is

Answer 29

thyroid hormones

Question 30

are thyroid hormones hydrophilic or hydrophobic

Answer 30

hydrophobic like steroid hormones require transport proteins

Question 31

where are the thyroid hormone receptors found

Answer 31

inside the cell

Question 32

hormone levels act ___________ or __________ on the gland itself

Answer 32

directly or indirectly

Question 33

if gland activity is decreased, then there is a high level of circulating hormones. This is considered

Answer 33

negative feedback

Question 34

If gland activity is increase, then there is lower levels of circulating hormones. This is considered

Answer 34

positive feedback

Question 35

what type of feedback is most common?

Answer 35

negative feedback

Question 36

Example of negative feedback Thyroid stimulating hormone -> Thyroid gland -> thyroid hormone

Answer 36

 When circulating thyroid hormone levels drop * TSH is pumped out of the anterior pituitary o Acts on the thyroid gland  Increases thyroid hormone productions * When at selected level o TSH is anterior pituitary is slowed  Stops working on thyroid gland

Question 37

How does positive feedback work?

Answer 37

Rising levels of hormone production by a gland feedback and increase hormone production

Question 38

Positive feedback is less common bc is has a potential to

Answer 38

Potential to lead to a “viscous cycles” of out of control hormone production

Question 39

what is an example of positive feedback

Answer 39

female estrous cycle

Question 40

In a non-feedback-related control, hormones from __________ are stimulated by what

Answer 40

Hormones from the adrenal medulla are stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system