Exam 3 (Spring)

Question 1

What are the 3 components of the brainstem?

Answer 1

medulla oblongata, pons, midbrains

Question 2

A polarized neuron in its resting state has:
A.) high sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high potassium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane
B.)high sodium and high potassium ion concentrations ouside the cell membrane
C.)high potassium and high sodium ion concentration inside the cell membrane
D.)high potassium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high sodium concentration on the inside of the cell membrane

Answer 2

high sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high potassium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane

Question 3

An example of an action controlled by the somatic nervous system is
A.) turning the head
B.) releasing digestive juices
C.) increasing the heart rate
D.) lowering the blood pressure

Answer 3

turning the head

Question 4

Afferent nerve fibers carry sensation where

Answer 4

toward the CNS

Question 5

Which part of the diencephalon regulates sensory inputs to cerebrum?

Answer 5

thalamus

Question 6

The basic, functional units of the nervous system are

Answer 6

neurons

Question 7

The connective tissue layer that lies directly on the surface of the brain and spinal cord is the

Answer 7

pia matter

Question 8

What abbreviation for something in the nervous system should be said slowly and clearly, so that it is not confused for reproductive anatomy?

Answer 8

PNS

Question 9

The parasympathetic nervous system nerves are also known as the

Answer 9

cranial-sacral system

Question 10

Beta 1 adrenergic work on what specific tissue?

Answer 10

cardiac

Question 11

In the spinal cord, the small gaps in the myelin sheath between adjacent glial cells are called

Answer 11

nodes of Ranvier

Question 12

What type of reflex causes the extensor muscles on one limb to contract when the flexor muscles on the opposite limb contract?

Answer 12

crossed extensor reflex

Question 13

The preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic system can be described as __________ in length.

Answer 13

is longer that the postganglionic neruron

Question 14

The part of the CNS that contains the corpus callosum is the

Answer 14

cerebrum

Question 15

The most primitive part of the CNS is the

Answer 15

brainstem

Question 16

The stretch reflex is an example of a

Answer 16

monosynaptic ipsilateral reflex arc

Question 17

What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the diameter of the blood vessels to the GI tract?

Answer 17

decreases

Question 18

White matter is made up of

Answer 18

myelinated axons

Question 19

A depolarized neuron has
A.) High sodium and high potassium ion concentrations outside the cell membrane
B.) high potassium ion concentration of the outside of the cell membrane and high sodium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane
C.) high potassium and high sodium ion concentration inside the cell membrane
D.) high potassium ion concentration of the inside of the cell membrane and high sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane

Answer 19

high potassium and high sodium ion concentration inside the cell membrane

Question 20

Which neurotransmitter is matched incorrectly to the function?
A.) Acetylcholine - can be excitatory or inhibitory
B.) Norepinephrine - rest and digest
C.) Epinephrine - fight or flight
D.) Dopamine - automatic functions

Answer 20

B.) Norepinephrine - rest and digest

Question 21

Saltatory conduction occurs when a nerve impulse

Answer 21

travels from one node of Ranvier to the next node

Question 22

A terminal bouton is found

Answer 22

at the end of the telodendron

Question 23

Hypermetria results from injury to the

Answer 23

cerebellum

Question 24

A somatic reflex involves

Answer 24

skeletal muscle contraction

Question 25

The "all-or-nothing" principle means

Answer 25

an entire neuron depolarizes to its maximum strength

Question 26

The efferent processes of a nerve cell are the

Answer 26

axons

Question 27

What is referred to as the "mastergland" and helps release hormones throughout the body?

Answer 27

pituitary

Question 28

What keeps many drugs from readily passing from the blood into the brain?

Answer 28

blood-brain barrier

Question 29

A reflex arc originates from the/a

Answer 29

sensory receptor

Question 30

The centers of higher learning and intelligence are found in the

Answer 30

cerebrum

Question 31

What system is known as the thoracolumbar system?

Answer 31

sympathetic

Question 32

Which on of the following neurotransmitters is inhibitory only? A.) acetylcholine B.) gamma-aminobulyric acid C.) norepinephrine D.) dopamine

Answer 32

gamm-aminobulyric acid

Question 33

Gyri and sulci are found on the surface of the

Answer 33

cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 34

Which one of the following cranial nerves is a pure sensory nerve? A.) CN III B.) CN I C.) CN IX D.) CN V

Answer 34

CN I

Question 35

The period during which a neuron that has generated a nerve impulse cannot generate another is called the

Answer 35

refactory period

Question 36

Many neurotransmitters are broken down by

Answer 36

enzymes

Question 37

Which of the following is a monosynaptic reflex? A.)extensor reflex B.)withdrawal reflex C.)stretch reflex D.) crossed extensor reflex

Answer 37

stretch reflex

Question 38

When the patellar ligament is tapped, which type of reflex causes the quadriceps muscle to contract, producing a small kick?

Answer 38

stretch reflex

Question 39

The part of the CNS that contains the hypothalamus is the

Answer 39

diencephalon

Question 40

The part of the CNS that controls coordinated movement, balance, and posture is the

Answer 40

cerebellum

Question 41

What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the diameter of the bronchioles of the lungs?

Answer 41

increases

Question 42

The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic system can be described as _______ in lengyh

Answer 42

is shorter than the postganglionic neuron

Question 43

The fight-or-flight response to an emergency situation is a specific function of the

Answer 43

sympathetic nervous system

Question 44

What is the correct order of meninges from outermost to innermost

Answer 44

Dura matter, arachnoid, pia matter

Question 45

Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic system are considered what type of neurons?

Answer 45

cholinergic neurons

Question 46

The medulla oblongata is part of the

Answer 46

brainstem

Question 47

Which cranial nerve is responsible for perception of light and vision A.) CN II B.) CN X C.) CN I D.) CN IV

Answer 47

CN II

Question 48

a repolarized neuron had A.) High sodium and high potassium ion concentrations outside the cell membrane B.) high potassium ion concentration of the outside of the cell membrane and high sodium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane C.) high potassium and high sodium ion concentration inside the cell membrane D.) high potassium ion concentration of the inside of the cell membrane and high sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane

Answer 48

B.) high potassium ion concentration of the outside of the cell membrane and high sodium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane

Question 49

Which neurotransmitter is only found in the spinal cord?

Answer 49

gamma-aminobutyric acid

Question 50

A ganglion is a

Answer 50

cluster of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS

Question 51

The space between a neuron and a target cell is called the

Answer 51

synapse

Question 52

Which part of the diencephalon is the interface between the nervous system and endocrine system?

Answer 52

hypothalamus

Question 53

The hole running through the center of the spinal column is the

Answer 53

central canal

Question 54

the largest part of the brain is the

Answer 54

cerebrum

Question 55

Nerve cells receive stimuli or impulses through

Answer 55

dendrites

Question 56

Which part of the diencephalon regulates production and release of hormones throughout the body?

Answer 56

pituitary

Question 57

Which clinical sign is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system stimulation? A.) vasodilation B.) reduced heart rate C.) bronchodilation D.) reduced digestion

Answer 57

reduced heart rate

Question 58

The three catecholamine neurotransmitters are

Answer 58

norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine

Question 59

Many excitatory neurotransmitters usually cause ______ influx so that the postsynaptic membrane moves toward threshold and depolarization can begin in a new nerve impulse

Answer 59

sodium ion

Question 60

If CSF (cerebral spinal fluid) becomes more acidic

Answer 60

the respiratory center will increase the respiratory rate to blow off the acid

Question 61

Which neurotransmitter is released by a cholinergic neuron? A.) norepinephrine B.) dopamine C.) gamma-aminobulyric acid D.) acetylcholine

Answer 61

acetylcholine