Endocrinology (1C)

Question 1

The ability of a cell to respond to a hormone depends on the presence of ___ for a hormone on or in the ___ cell.

Answer 1

Receptors, target

Question 2

Up regulation curs when there is an ___ of the number of receptors for a hormone due to ___ levels of the hormone.

Answer 2

Increase, low

Question 3

Down regulation is a ___ in the number of receptors for a hormone and is due to ___ levels of hormone and prevent constant activation of target cells.

Answer 3

decrease, high

Question 4

A hormone may need to be present for the full action of a ___ hormone. This is known as __ actions of hormones.

Answer 4

second, permissive

Question 5

Hormone may up-regulate the receptors for a second ___ on a target cell.

Answer 5

hormone

Question 6

Thyroid hormone acts as a permissive controller of ___ to help release and a large amount of ___ acids is released.

Answer 6

epinephrine, fatty

Question 7

A hormone is usually found in pre-packaged ___ and will be released through ___.

Answer 7

vesicles, exocytosis

Question 8

A hormone that controls the secretion of another hormone is called a ___ hormone.

Answer 8

trophic

Question 9

A trophic hormone can increase ___ of hormone from target gland and as well in some cases stimulate ___of the gland; this is known as ____.

Answer 9

secretion, growth, hypertrophy

Question 10

A negative feedback response will __ the response system.

Answer 10

dampen

Question 11

A positive feedback will ____ response of cell signaling. It is very ___ situation in a physiological case.

Answer 11

amplify, rare

Question 12

PTH secretion works on a target cell (ie. GI tract to increase ___ 2+ levels. At the ideal ___ level and it will cause a negative feedback on the parathyroid, which is an ___ cell.

Answer 12

Ca, endocrine

Question 13

Homeostasis functions to dampen any __ changes in blood Ca2+.

Answer 13

significant

Question 14

A cell can release a ___ or ion to affect the target cell.

Answer 14

Hormone

Question 15

Oxytocin secretion from the posterior pituitary and cervical stretch is a form of a ___ feedback. The stretch acts as a ___ stimulant it will act on the posterior pituitary and releases __ hormone on the uterus.

Answer 15

positive, positive, oxytocin

Question 16

Hyposecretion is secretion of too __ hormone.

Answer 16

little

Question 17

Hypersecretion is secretion of too __ hormone.

Answer 17

much

Question 18

Hyporesponsiveness is ___ responsiveness of target cells. It includes abnormal receptors (Laron Dwarfism), defective cell ____, defective enzymes function in the ___ cells.

Answer 18

reduced, signaling, target

Question 19

Hyper responsiveness is __ responsiveness of the target cells.

Answer 19

increased