Endocrinology (2C)

Question 1

Growth hormone is therefore most __ of the anterior pituitary hormone that is a __ hormone making it water soluble.

Answer 1

abundant, protein

Question 2

GH acts on the cell surface receptors and is associated with protein ___ activity and is secreted throughout life in a pulsatile secretion .

Answer 2

kinase

Question 3

GH follows the ___ rhythm (varies in 24 hour cycle) and promotes growth mainly after __ and not in the fetal stage.***

Answer 3

circadian,birth

Question 4

GH increases the ___ of most tissues and affects ____.

Answer 4

growth, metabolism

Question 5

T/F: GH never works by itself.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Deep sleep promotes the release of ___.

Answer 6

GH

Question 7

The development of the brain starts soon after birth and ___ off.

Answer 7

plateaus

Question 8

Total body height has __ growth spirts and it is during the toddler phase and during puberty.

Answer 8

two

Question 9

Reproductive organs remain constant until __ where it will grow then plateau again.

Answer 9

puberty

Question 10

GH helps in __ growth and thus long bones.

Answer 10

linear

Question 11

GH in __ leads to no growth.

Answer 11

vitro

Question 12

If you change the in vitro condition to mimic the body, the cell can ___ in vitro.

Answer 12

grow

Question 13

The main part of the long bone is called the ___ and the ends are called the epiphysis and it is separated by the epiphyseal growth ___. This happens at both ends during total body height growth sprouts and is sealed up by ___ .

Answer 13

shaft, plate, estrogen/ testosterone

Question 14

Bone growth is detected in the bone ___ and the stem cells are the ___ cells that have fibroblast characteristics. They will undergo differentiation and become cartilage cells (____) that GH will work to stimulate cell division.

Answer 14

marrow, progenitor, chondrocytes

Question 15

More cartilage cells are made and Ca2+ and K+ is added to the bone leading to ____ and a bone is then formed.

Answer 15

ossification

Question 16

Growth happens with the proliferation of ___ cells in the ___ plates.

Answer 16

cartilage, epiphyseal

Question 17

New cells in the epiphyseal plates get added on __ of each other.

Answer 17

top

Question 18

GH increases ___ synthesis and increase growth of most ___.

Answer 18

protein, tissues

Question 19

In fats, GH increases ___ on adipose tissue (breaking down lipids) and increases free fatty acids for ___.

Answer 19

lipolysis, energy

Question 20

GH decreases ___ uptake into the muscle with the effect of anti-___ like effects. It leads to hyper ___ or “diabetogenic” (increasing glucose levels in blood) and increases ____ by liver.

Answer 20

glucose, insulin,glycemic, gluconeogenesis

Question 21

GH increases amino acid ___ into cells and increases protein ____. It increases cell __ known as hypertrophy and increase number of cells in connective tissues known as ___.

Answer 21

uptake, synthesis, size, hyperplasia

Question 22

T/F: GH can increase its own secretion.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Hormonal factors that increases GH includes ____ and is decreased by ___ (3).

Answer 23

GHRH,

somatostain, GH, IGF-1

Question 24

Metabolic factors includes increase by ___glycemia and increase in amino acid in ___. Hyper___ and increase in fatty acids will ___ GH secretion.

Answer 24

hypo, blood,glycemia, decrease

Question 25

Deep sleep and acute stress/ exercise will increase GH and prolonged malnutrition (____ stress) will decrease GH.

Answer 25

chronic

Question 26

An increase in GH secretion of the anterior pituitary will cause an increase of GH in the ____ and subsequently __ secretion from liver and other cells.

Answer 26

plasma, IGF-1

Question 27

The ____ and ____ are released from the hypothalmus.

Answer 27

GHRH, GHIH

Question 28

Sometimes, GH has ___crine properties and can inhibit its own release.

Answer 28

auto

Question 29

GH has a principal target of the ___ which releases ___ like growth factors.

Answer 29

liver, insulin

Question 30

Both GHRH and GHIH is released ___ of phase and regulation is based on this.

Answer 30

out

Question 31

GH exhibits a ___ loop system too.

Answer 31

feedback

Question 32

In some tissues, GH will act ____, in some tissues it will generate _____.

Answer 32

directly, IGF-1

Question 33

GH can have abnormalities and symptoms depend on time of ___.

Answer 33

onset

Question 34

Gigantism is seen in ___ and there is increased ___ growth before they hit puberty. This is usually because of a tumour in the ____.

Answer 34

children, linear, pituitary

Question 35

Acromegaly is seen in ___ and there is thickening of the bone, large hands, feet, jaw and ___ features. The changes are often ____.

Answer 35

adult, permenant

Question 36

Dwarfism is seen in ____ and is stunted growth due to two reasons: decrease of ____ release decrease of __ synthesis and secretion.

Answer 36

children GHRH, GH

Question 37

Laron dwarfism is a mutation in ___ receptor and has metabolic effects because cells that are meant to take GH up are unable to do so.

Answer 37

GH

Question 38

A GH secretion from the tumour will lead to a __ loop onto SST (somatostatin).

Answer 38

postive

Question 39

GH has great importance of bone ___ protection and skin texture.

Answer 39

density