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GI > Endoscope > Flashcards

Endoscope Flashcards

1
Q

what is on a basic endoscope

A

screen, light source, air/water, control head, flexible tip

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2
Q

what are the specialised types of endoscope

A 
Gastroscope- stomach 
Colonoscope- colon
Side viewing (ERCP) scope
Enteroscope (push, double balloon)
Capsule
Endoscopic ultrasound
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3
Q

what are the uses of and endoscope

A 
Diagnosis
Therapeutics
Emergency
Elective
Screening (bowl cancer)
Surveillance
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4
Q

what diseases can be visually diagnosed by an endoscope

A 
Oesophagitis
Gastritis
Ulceration
Coeliac disease
Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative colitis
Sclerosing cholangitis
tumours
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5
Q

what are vascular abnormalities of the GI tract

A

Varices
Ectatic blood vessels (GAVE, Dieulafoy)
Angiodysplasia

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6
Q

how can endoscope microscopic diagnosis

A

Biopsy and histology
Brushings and cytology
Rarely, aspirates and biopsies for microbiology

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7
Q

what treatments does an endoscope facilitate

A

GI bleeding
Nerve blocks
Resection of early cancer

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8
Q

what are the types of GI bleeding

A

Variceal bleeding
Arterial bleeding
Angiodysplasia

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9
Q

what is haematemesis

A

vomiting blood, sign of major GI haemorrage

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10
Q

what is malaena

A

dark black, tarry feces that are associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding

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11
Q

how can variceal bleeding be treated

A 
ABC.  Resusitate
Injection Fibrinogen 
Banding 
Histocryl glue
(life threatening emergency)
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12
Q

how are arterial bleeds treated

A 
Injection therapy ( adrenaline: tamponade, vasoconstriction)
Heater probe ( coagulation )
Clips (“ligate”)
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13
Q

how is angiodysplasia treated

A

(small vessels)
Argon plasma coagulation

Recent work with Radio frequency ablation

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14
Q

how are strictures treated

A

dilatation (ballon, bouginage) or stenting (metal or plastic)

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15
Q

what are the complications of a stent

A 
Foreign body sensation
Reflux
Fever
Septicaemia
Fistula formation 
Bleeding
	Perforation
	Pain
	Migration
	Tumour in/overgrowth
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16
Q

how are GI tumours treated

A

Polypectomy

Endoscopic mucosal removal

17
Q

how does endoscope help with nutrition

A

PEG insertion
PEJ
Naso-jejunal tube insertion

18
Q

what are the possible complications of an endoscope

A 
Respiratory arrest
Aspiration
Cardiac arrest
Bleeding
Perforation
Infection (prions, viruses, bacterial- endocarditis,  immunosuppression

GI (64 decks)

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