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GI > Radiology and Anatomy- good revision > Flashcards

Radiology and Anatomy- good revision Flashcards

1
Q

what can ultrasound penetrate

A

gas filled structures

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2
Q

what can cause indentation of an oesophagus on an CT

A

anatomical structures e.g. arch of the aorta

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3
Q

what is the oesophagus posterior to at the thoracic inlet

A

trachea and great vessels

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4
Q

how does the oesophagus descend in relation to the aorta and the left main bronchus

A

descends adjacent to aorta and passes posterior to left main bronchus

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5
Q

how is the oesophagus related to the heart

A

passes posterior to the heart, indented by the left atrium

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6
Q

via what does the oesophagus transverse the diaphragm

A

via the oesophageal hiatus

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7
Q

where does the oesophagus join the stomach

A

at the gastro-oesophageal junction

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8
Q

at what level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm

A

t 10

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9
Q

at what level does the vena cava pass through the diaphragm

A

t 8

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10
Q

at what level does the aorta pass through the diaphragm

A

t 12

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11
Q

what is in the right upper quadrant

A

liver, gall bladder, biliary tree, duodenum (1st-3rd parts), pancreatic head, colon (hepatic flexure, AC, TC), right kidney/ adrenal gland

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12
Q

what is the blood supply to the kidney

A

portal vein (80%) hepatic arteries (20%)

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13
Q

describe the venous drainage of the liver

A

via hepatic veins to IVC

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14
Q

what forms the common hepatic duct

A

right and left hepatic ducts

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15
Q

what forms the common bile duct

A

the cystic duct (drains the gall bladder) and the common hepatic duct

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16
Q

where does the common bile duct drain

A

into the 2nd part of the duodenum via the ampulla of vater

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17
Q

what is the role of bile

A

emulsifies fat in digestion

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18
Q

what forms a c shape around the pancreatic head

A

the duodenum

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19
Q

where is the ampulla of vater located in the duodenum

A

medial wall of the 2nd part

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20
Q

what parts of the duodenum are retro/ intra peritonal

A

the 2nd part is retroperitoneal, rest intraperitoneal

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21
Q

where does part one of the duodenum start

A

at the pylorus

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22
Q

what directions are the different parts of the duodenum travelling in

A

1- up and back
2- descends vertically
3- horizontal, inferior to pancreas
4- upwards to DJ flexure and ligament of triez

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23
Q

what is the ligament of treiz

A

the suspensory ligament of the duodenum

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24
Q

is the pancreas intra or retro peritoneal

A

retroperitoneal

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25
Q

what are the parts of the pancreas

A

uncinate process, head, neck. body and tail

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26
Q

what does the pancreatic duct go into

A

joins common bile duct and drains into ampulla of vater

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27
Q

what does the splenic vein join with

A

SMV to from the portal vein

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28
Q

what is in the left upper quadrant

A

spleen, stomach, small bowl, pancreatic tail, colon (splenic flexure, DC, TC), left kidney/ adrenal gland

29
Q

where is the stomach

A

crosses midline left upper quadrant to epigastrium (gasto oesophageal junction to plyorus)

30
Q

what are rugae

A

folds in the walls of the stomach that increase surface area and allow expansion

31
Q

what is the lesser curvature of the stomach suspended on

A

the lesser omentum

32
Q

what is suspended from the greater curvature of the stomach

A

greater omentum

33
Q

what forms the right and left borders of the stomach

A 
right= lesser 
left= greater
34
Q

what are the four parts of the stomach

A

fundus, body, antrum, pylorus

35
Q

what structures is the stomach closely related to

A

left diaphragm, spleen, liver, colon and pancreas

36
Q

what is the blood supply of the stomach

A

aterial supply from branches of the coeliac axis

venous drainage via tributaries to the SMV and portal vein

37
Q

what are the branches of the ceoliac axis

A

left gastric, splenic and common hepatic arteries

38
Q

where does the mesentery attach in relation to the aorta

A

jejunum mesentery= left of the aorta

ileum mesentery= right of the aorta

39
Q

what is the blood supply to the small bowl

A

branches of the SMA

40
Q

what does the IMA supply

A

last 1/3rd of the colon and the rectum

41
Q

what does the left renal vein have to cross to get into the IVC

A

the aorta

42
Q

what is the venous drainage of the small bowl

A

drains via branches into the SMV

43
Q

what is the role of the terminal ileum

A

conveys waste to the caecum

reabsorbs bile salts

44
Q

where in the spleen

A

left upper quadrant

45
Q

what system is the spleen part of

A

the recticulo-endothelial system

46
Q

what structures id the spleen closely related to

A

close relations to the stomach, left diaphragm, left kidney and tail of pancreas

47
Q

where is the splenic vein

A

just underneath the pancreas

48
Q

what is the blood supply of the spleen

A

arterial= splenic artery (a branch of the coeliac axis)

venous= splenic vein to portal

49
Q

what is in the right iliac fossa

A

caecum/ terminal ileum, appendix, right ureter (ovary/ fallopian tube/uterus), bladder

50
Q

what is the left iliac fossa

A

sigmoid colon, left ureter (ovary/ fallopian tube/ uterus), bladder

51
Q

what is a common cause of pain in the left iliac fossa

A

diverticulus

52
Q

list the parts of the colon

A

caecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sgigmoid colon and rectum

53
Q

where does the appendix arise from

A

the caecum

54
Q

which flexure of the colon is lower

A

hepatic

55
Q

where does the sigmoid colon run from- to

A

rectum to descending colon

56
Q

what is the role of the rectum

A

stores faeces prior to defecation

57
Q

what is the rectum posterior to

A

vaginal/ prostate and seminal vesicles

58
Q

what does the rectum lie posterior to

A

sacrum/ coccyx

59
Q

what muscle is the external anal sphincter part of

A

levator ani

60
Q

Retroperitoneal or Intraperitoneal?

caecum

A

intra

61
Q

Retroperitoneal or Intraperitoneal?ascending and descending colon

A

retro

62
Q

Retroperitoneal or Intraperitoneal?

transverse

A

intra- suspended on a mesentery

63
Q

Retroperitoneal or Intraperitoneal?

sigmoid

A

intra- suspended on a mesentery

64
Q

Retroperitoneal or Intraperitoneal?

rectum

A

upper 2/3 covered by peritoneum, lower 1/3 below peritoneal reflection- extra peritoneum

65
Q

what arteries does the SMA form

A

middle colic, right colic, ileocolic arteries

66
Q

what parts of the colon does the SMA supply

A

caecum, ascending and proximal transverse

67
Q

what does the IMA form

A

left colic, sigmoid, superior rectal

68
Q

what parts of the colon does the IMA supply

A

transverse, descending, sigmoid and upper rectum

GI (64 decks)

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