Radiology and Anatomy- good revision

Question 1

what can ultrasound penetrate

Answer 1

gas filled structures

Question 2

what can cause indentation of an oesophagus on an CT

Answer 2

anatomical structures e.g. arch of the aorta

Question 3

what is the oesophagus posterior to at the thoracic inlet

Answer 3

trachea and great vessels

Question 4

how does the oesophagus descend in relation to the aorta and the left main bronchus

Answer 4

descends adjacent to aorta and passes posterior to left main bronchus

Question 5

how is the oesophagus related to the heart

Answer 5

passes posterior to the heart, indented by the left atrium

Question 6

via what does the oesophagus transverse the diaphragm

Answer 6

via the oesophageal hiatus

Question 7

where does the oesophagus join the stomach

Answer 7

at the gastro-oesophageal junction

Question 8

at what level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm

Answer 8

t 10

Question 9

at what level does the vena cava pass through the diaphragm

Answer 9

t 8

Question 10

at what level does the aorta pass through the diaphragm

Answer 10

t 12

Question 11

what is in the right upper quadrant

Answer 11

liver, gall bladder, biliary tree, duodenum (1st-3rd parts), pancreatic head, colon (hepatic flexure, AC, TC), right kidney/ adrenal gland

Question 12

what is the blood supply to the kidney

Answer 12

portal vein (80%) hepatic arteries (20%)

Question 13

describe the venous drainage of the liver

Answer 13

via hepatic veins to IVC

Question 14

what forms the common hepatic duct

Answer 14

right and left hepatic ducts

Question 15

what forms the common bile duct

Answer 15

the cystic duct (drains the gall bladder) and the common hepatic duct

Question 16

where does the common bile duct drain

Answer 16

into the 2nd part of the duodenum via the ampulla of vater

Question 17

what is the role of bile

Answer 17

emulsifies fat in digestion

Question 18

what forms a c shape around the pancreatic head

Answer 18

the duodenum

Question 19

where is the ampulla of vater located in the duodenum

Answer 19

medial wall of the 2nd part

Question 20

what parts of the duodenum are retro/ intra peritonal

Answer 20

the 2nd part is retroperitoneal, rest intraperitoneal

Question 21

where does part one of the duodenum start

Answer 21

at the pylorus

Question 22

what directions are the different parts of the duodenum travelling in

Answer 22

1- up and back
2- descends vertically
3- horizontal, inferior to pancreas
4- upwards to DJ flexure and ligament of triez

Question 23

what is the ligament of treiz

Answer 23

the suspensory ligament of the duodenum

Question 24

is the pancreas intra or retro peritoneal

Answer 24

retroperitoneal

Question 25

what are the parts of the pancreas

Answer 25

uncinate process, head, neck. body and tail

Question 26

what does the pancreatic duct go into

Answer 26

joins common bile duct and drains into ampulla of vater

Question 27

what does the splenic vein join with

Answer 27

SMV to from the portal vein

Question 28

what is in the left upper quadrant

Answer 28

spleen, stomach, small bowl, pancreatic tail, colon (splenic flexure, DC, TC), left kidney/ adrenal gland

Question 29

where is the stomach

Answer 29

crosses midline left upper quadrant to epigastrium (gasto oesophageal junction to plyorus)

Question 30

what are rugae

Answer 30

folds in the walls of the stomach that increase surface area and allow expansion

Question 31

what is the lesser curvature of the stomach suspended on

Answer 31

the lesser omentum

Question 32

what is suspended from the greater curvature of the stomach

Answer 32

greater omentum

Question 33

what forms the right and left borders of the stomach

Answer 33

``` right= lesser left= greater ```

Question 34

what are the four parts of the stomach

Answer 34

fundus, body, antrum, pylorus

Question 35

what structures is the stomach closely related to

Answer 35

left diaphragm, spleen, liver, colon and pancreas

Question 36

what is the blood supply of the stomach

Answer 36

aterial supply from branches of the coeliac axis venous drainage via tributaries to the SMV and portal vein

Question 37

what are the branches of the ceoliac axis

Answer 37

left gastric, splenic and common hepatic arteries

Question 38

where does the mesentery attach in relation to the aorta

Answer 38

jejunum mesentery= left of the aorta ileum mesentery= right of the aorta

Question 39

what is the blood supply to the small bowl

Answer 39

branches of the SMA

Question 40

what does the IMA supply

Answer 40

last 1/3rd of the colon and the rectum

Question 41

what does the left renal vein have to cross to get into the IVC

Answer 41

the aorta

Question 42

what is the venous drainage of the small bowl

Answer 42

drains via branches into the SMV

Question 43

what is the role of the terminal ileum

Answer 43

conveys waste to the caecum | reabsorbs bile salts

Question 44

where in the spleen

Answer 44

left upper quadrant

Question 45

what system is the spleen part of

Answer 45

the recticulo-endothelial system

Question 46

what structures id the spleen closely related to

Answer 46

close relations to the stomach, left diaphragm, left kidney and tail of pancreas

Question 47

where is the splenic vein

Answer 47

just underneath the pancreas

Question 48

what is the blood supply of the spleen

Answer 48

arterial= splenic artery (a branch of the coeliac axis) venous= splenic vein to portal

Question 49

what is in the right iliac fossa

Answer 49

caecum/ terminal ileum, appendix, right ureter (ovary/ fallopian tube/uterus), bladder

Question 50

what is the left iliac fossa

Answer 50

sigmoid colon, left ureter (ovary/ fallopian tube/ uterus), bladder

Question 51

what is a common cause of pain in the left iliac fossa

Answer 51

diverticulus

Question 52

list the parts of the colon

Answer 52

caecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sgigmoid colon and rectum

Question 53

where does the appendix arise from

Answer 53

the caecum

Question 54

which flexure of the colon is lower

Answer 54

hepatic

Question 55

where does the sigmoid colon run from- to

Answer 55

rectum to descending colon

Question 56

what is the role of the rectum

Answer 56

stores faeces prior to defecation

Question 57

what is the rectum posterior to

Answer 57

vaginal/ prostate and seminal vesicles

Question 58

what does the rectum lie posterior to

Answer 58

sacrum/ coccyx

Question 59

what muscle is the external anal sphincter part of

Answer 59

levator ani

Question 60

Retroperitoneal or Intraperitoneal? | caecum

Answer 60

intra

Question 61

Retroperitoneal or Intraperitoneal?ascending and descending colon

Answer 61

retro

Question 62

Retroperitoneal or Intraperitoneal? | transverse

Answer 62

intra- suspended on a mesentery

Question 63

Retroperitoneal or Intraperitoneal? | sigmoid

Answer 63

intra- suspended on a mesentery

Question 64

Retroperitoneal or Intraperitoneal? | rectum

Answer 64

upper 2/3 covered by peritoneum, lower 1/3 below peritoneal reflection- extra peritoneum

Question 65

what arteries does the SMA form

Answer 65

middle colic, right colic, ileocolic arteries

Question 66

what parts of the colon does the SMA supply

Answer 66

caecum, ascending and proximal transverse

Question 67

what does the IMA form

Answer 67

left colic, sigmoid, superior rectal

Question 68

what parts of the colon does the IMA supply

Answer 68

transverse, descending, sigmoid and upper rectum