Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > Large Bowl Benign > Flashcards

Large Bowl Benign Flashcards

1
Q

what are the common benign conditions of the large bowl

A
  • Crohn’s colitis and ulcerative colitis
  • Diverticular disease
  • Functional disorders
  • benign polyps
  • ischaemic colitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the less common bening conditions of the large bowl

A
  • Colonic volvulus
  • Colonic angiodysplasia
  • Ischaemic colitis
  • Pseudo-obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is diverticular disease

A

Mucosal herniation through muscle coat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where is diverticular disease most common

A

in the sigmoid colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the difference between a true and a false diverticula

A

True diverticula of the GI tract contain all layers of the GI wall. Esophageal diverticula and Meckel diverticula are true diverticula. False or pseudo-diverticula are mucosal and submucosal protrusions through the muscular wall of the bowel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what can cause a diverticulum

A

congenital, low fibre diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what causes the symptoms

A

complication of diverticulum- most often no problems and is an incidental finding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is diverticulosis

A

the presence of an acquired diverticula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is diverticulitis

A

diverticulum associated with inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what investigations can be done into a diverticulosis

A

barium enema, colon/sigmoidoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the clinical features of diverticulitis

A

left iliac fossa pain/ tenderness (can mimic appendicitis if moves to RIF)

septic

altered bowl habits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the possible complications of diverticular disease

A

pericolic abscess, perforation, haemorrhage, fistula, stricture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a fistula

A

abnormal communication between two epithelial lined surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what types of fistula can occur from diverticular disease

A

colovesical (bowl and bladder)
colovaginal
colocutaneal (bowl and abdominal wall)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the presentation of a colovesical fistula

A

recurring UTIs, pneumaturia (passing air)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when is a colovaginal fistula more common

A

in patients who have had a hysterectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what classification is used for acute diverticulitis

A

hinchey classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how is an uncomplicated diverticulitis treated

A

oral or no antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how is a complex diverticulitis treated

A

hartmann’s procedure (surgical resection creating colostomy)

primary resection/ anastomosis

percutaneous drainage

laproscopic lavage and drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what stage of a complex diverticulitis should get an emergency operation

A

stage 4- faecal peritonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the causes of acute and chronic colitis

A

infective colitis
ulcerative colitis
crohns colitis
ischaemic colitis

22
Q

what organisms can cause infective colitis

A

Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile

23
Q

what are the symptoms in acute and chronic colitis

A

diarrhoea +/- blood, abdo cramps, dehydration, sepsis

chronic= weight loss, anaemia

24
Q

what investigations can be done into acute and chronic colitis

A

x ray, sigmoidoscopy + biopsy, stool cultures, barium enema

25
Q

what is seen on an x ray of acute/ chronic colitis

A

featureless left colon (lead piping), ‘thumb-printing’ of right colon (sign of severe mucosal inflammation)

26
Q

what patients are likely to get infective colitis from C. diff

A

people on broad range antibiotics or who are immunosuppressed

27
Q

what is the treatment for ulcerative/ crohns colitis

A

IV fluids (fluid resus), IV steroids (once infective/ ischaemic colitis ruled out), GI rest

28
Q

what are the signs of failure to settle of ulcerative/ crohns colitis

A

obs- tachycardia, stool chart, re- image, inflammatory response/ markers, how patients feels

29
Q

what should be when UC/ crohns colitis fails to settle after treatment

A

rescue medical therapy, surgery

30
Q

what are the risk factors for atherosclerosis

A

obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, smoking, hypertension,

31
Q

how is acute bowl ischaemia treated

A

emergency surgery

32
Q

how does bowl ischaemia kill

A

as bodys inflammatory response is overwhelming

33
Q

what are the three main arteries that supply the colon

A

inferior mesenteric, middle colic (transverse), ileocolic (cecum and terminal ileum)

34
Q

what is a watershed stroke

A

when area naturally has less blood supply so is more prone to ischaemia- e.g. splenic flexure in the bowl

35
Q

where does ulcerative colitis affect

A

starts in rectum and moves proximally

36
Q

where is the most common place affected by crohns

A

terminal ileum

37
Q

what is colonic angiodysplasia

A

vascular malformation in the colon, submucosal lakes of blood- obscure cause of rectal bleeding

38
Q

how is colonic angiodysplasia treated

A

embolisation, endoscopic ablation and surgical resection

39
Q

what are three causes of large bowl obstruction

A

colorectal cancer, benign stricture (diverticular diverticular disease), UC), volvulus

40
Q

where are common sites of a volvulus

A

sigmoid, transverse, caecum- in neonates whole small bowl can twist

41
Q

what are the symptoms of large bowl obstruction

A

absolute constipationm distended abdomen, pain, vomiting

42
Q

how are large bowl

obstructions treated

A

resuscitate, operate, possible stenting

43
Q

what is the most common volvulus

A

sigmoid- when it twists on the mesentery

44
Q

how is a sigmoid volvulus treated

A

flatus tube- to deflate, surgical resection

45
Q

what is a pseudo-obstruction

A

when theres all the symptoms of a volvulus but no real mechanical obstruction- usually organ failure due to ill health in elderly/ debilitated

46
Q

what is chronic constipation a type of

A

functional bowel disorder

47
Q

what are causes of chronic constipation

A

most= dietary, laxatives

few= motility disorders

48
Q

what is obstructive defecation

A

pelvic floor inability, autonomic nerve problem

49
Q

what is faecal impaction

A

a solid, immobile bulk of faeces that can develop in the rectum as a result of chronic constipation

50
Q

what can cause faecal impaction

A

bed ridden, eldery, strong analgesics, thyroid and parathyroid hormonal problems

51
Q

how is faecal impaction treated

A

enemas, laxatives, manual evacuation

GI (64 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions