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GI > Staging of Bowl Cancer > Flashcards

Staging of Bowl Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

list the layer of the bowl from outermost to innermost

A 
serosa
subserosa
muscularis propria
submucosa 
muscularis mucosa 
mucosa
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2
Q

what does the mucosa consist of

A

simple columnar epithelium (columnic glands, goblet and absorptive cells)

lamina propria (loose connective tissue between glands)

muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle)

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3
Q

what colour are stained goblet cells

A

clear

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4
Q

describe the musclaris mucosa

A

solid dark pink layer, very thin, just under glands,

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5
Q

describe the submucosa

A

thick layer of connective tissue

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6
Q

describe the muscularis propria

A

solid, thick band of smooth muscle

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7
Q

what alongside serosa can be found on the outside of the bowl

A

fat

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8
Q

what is serosa

A

layer of connective tissue and fat (subserosa)with an outer cover of epithelium

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9
Q

what do non cancerous lymph nodes look like

A

spherical and well circumscribed

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10
Q

what do cancerous lymph nodes look like

A

lack organisation, presence of cystic spaces, tall dark tightly pack cells

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11
Q

what does TNM staging stand for

A

Tumour size
lymph Node involvement
Metastasis

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12
Q

what is Tis in bowl cancer

A

tumour in situ, contained within the lamina propria

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13
Q

what is T1 in bowl cancer

A

tumour has invaded the submucosa, not not the muscularis externa (propria)

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14
Q

what is T2 in bowl cancer

A

tumour has invaded the muscularis propria but not beyond

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15
Q

what is T3 in bowl cancer

A

tumour has invaded beyond the muscularis propria, into the serosa but has not perforated it

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16
Q

what is T4 in bowl cancer

A

tumour has directly invaded other organs or perforated visceral peritoneum

17
Q

what is NX in bowl cancer

A

lymph nodes cannot be assesed

18
Q

what is N0 in bowl cancer

A

no regional lymph node metastisis

19
Q

what is N1 in bowl cancer

A

metastasis in 1-3 nearby lymph nodes

20
Q

what is N2 in bowl cancer

A

metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes

21
Q

what is M0 in bowl cancer

A

no metastasis to distant tissues

22
Q

what is M1 in bowl cancer

A

metastasis to distant tissues

23
Q

what is duke staging A

A

confined to bowl wall, no lymph metastasis

24
Q

what is duke staging B

A

local spread outwidth bowl wall, no lymph node metastasis

25
Q

what is duke staging C

A

lymph node metastasis

26
Q

what is duke staging D

A

metastatic disease

27
Q

what is adenocarcinoma

A

tumour originating from a gladular epithelium which has invaded beyond the site where the tissue is normally found

can be poorly or well differentiated (well= when they look like the tissues from which they originated)

28
Q

what is adenoma

A

benign tumour of glandular epithelium, not evaded beyond epithelial basal lamina as benign, often display dysphagia

29
Q

what is dysplasia

A

an expansion of numbers of immature cells that is restricted to the site where the cells are normally found

30
Q

what is metastasis

A

spread of tumour from one site to a non adjacent site

GI (64 decks)

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