Energy

Question 1

____ can be converted from one form to another

Answer 1

Energy

Question 2

____ energy associated w motion; ____ energy is stored (includes chemical energy stored in ___)

Answer 2

(1) Kinetic Energy
(2) Potential Energy
(3) Molecular structure

Question 3

Two metabolic process:
_____ obtain energy & reducing power from nutrients to breakdown energy

_____ production of new cell components from build up of energy

Answer 3

(1) Catabolic
(2) Anabolic

Question 4

____ set of chem reactions occurs in a cells, enables it to keep GDL growing, dividing & living

Answer 4

Metabolism

Question 5

What are the sources or energy giving nutrients (3)

Answer 5

(1) Carbohydrates (2) Protein (3) Fats

Question 6

___ substance that develops insulin resistance due ____

Answer 6

(1) Insulin resistin
(2) Fatty cells/Fat cells

Question 7

____ formation of glucose from stored fats & protein; ______ formation of glucose form AF
amino acids & fatty acids

Answer 7

(1) Glycolysis
(2) Gluconeogenesis

Question 8

____ glucose synthesis from smaller precursors for the brain

Answer 8

Gluconeogenesis

Question 9

acetyl CoA oxidation = obtain GTP & valuable intermediates

Answer 9

Kerb’s Cycle or Citric Acid Cycle

Question 10

___ glucose oxidation to obtain ATP

Answer 10

Glycolysis

Question 11

What are the three pathways for energy production

Answer 11

(1) Glycolysis
(2) Gluconeogenesis
(3) Citric Acid Cycle “Kerb’s Cycle”

Question 12

What are the 8 factors that influence body temperature?

Answer 12

SAD STEM D
(1) Sex
(2) Age
(3) Drug & Smoking
(4) Site of Measurement
(5) Time of the day
(6) Exercise or Physical Exertion
(7) Meals
(8) Stress

Question 13

Average body temperature is also known as ____ with the ff temperature in celsius: _____

Answer 13

(1) Nomothermia
(2) 37°C-38°C

Question 14

Normal body temperature is 37°C-38°C but in Fahrenheit is ___

Answer 14

98.6 to 100.4 °F

Question 15

In age ____ high metabolic rate have higher body temperature & _____ lower body temp

Answer 15

(1) Children
(2) Older than 65

Question 16

In meals, _____ increases temperature, which reflects an increase in metabolic rate to ____

Answer 16

(1) 20-30 mins after eating
(2) facilitate digestion

Question 17

In sex ___ generally have higher body temp, but females experience high body temp during ____ & ____

Answer 17

(1) Male
(2) Ovulation & Pregnancy

Question 18

In sex, ___ claimed in 1868 that female have higher body temp than male, but ____ study discovered gender no significant differences in body temp

Answer 18

(1) Carl Wunderlich
(2) 1993

Question 19

What year did female on average have slightly lower body temp?

Answer 19

2019

Question 20

Drug & Smoking:

pharmaceutic drugs such as antibiotics ___ &____, _____ & _____ influence body temperature

Answer 20

(1) Cephalosporins & Penicillin
(2) Methyldopa & Phenytoin

Question 21

Drug & Smoking:
___ & ___ are recreational substances that increase body temp

Answer 21

(1) MDMA
(2) Cocaine

Question 22

Site of measurement:

_______ is the axillary temp & rectal reading

Answer 22

0.3°C -0.6 °C
[0.5°F-1°F]

Question 23

Site of measurement:
______ is lower than oral temperature; ____ higher than orally measured

Answer 23

(1) axillary temperature
(2) rectal reading

Question 24

Site of measurement:

happy middle ground (accuracy & convenience)
gone out of favor: px reluctance & spread of infect

Answer 24

Rectal reading

Question 25

____ required to obtain an exact measurement of the body’s core temperature.

Answer 25

Invasive methods

Question 26

Exercise or Physical exertion: (True/False) More heat is generated when muscles require more work to do

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Exercise or Physical exertion: (True/False) training in hot/humid conditions: harder to keep core temp leads to death

Answer 27

False (death: dehydration or heat illness)

Question 28

Exercise or Physical exertion: (True/False) The key takeaway for exercise is be patient, take time in condition the body & hydrate adequately before intense workouts

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Stress: ____ body’s largest & most metabolically active organ, notable impact - body temp

Answer 29

Liver

Question 30

Give 2 stress hormones

Answer 30

(1) Cortisol (2) Adrenaline

Question 31

In stress increase in temperature is ______ response to deal with perceived threaths

Answer 31

Adaptive

Question 32

____ mediates “fight or flight” response, stimulates inc heat production in liver + adaptive changes

Answer 32

Adrenaline

Question 33

Give the 6 factors that determine energy requirement

Answer 33

GGABBD (1) Gender (2) Genetics (3) Age (4) Body Surface Area (5) Body Fat Percentage (6) Diet

Question 34

____ energy needed for body to sustain involuntary activity such as RCNE (_____) except _____ (influenced by food intake)

Answer 34

(1) Basic Metabolic Rate (BMR) (2) Respiration, Ciruclation, Nerve conduction, Excretion (3) Digestion

Question 35

BMR is determined by a combination of ___ &___

Answer 35

(1) genetic (2) environmental factors

Question 36

Genetics: some are born w faster metabolism & slower metabolism but what gender has faster metabolism?

Answer 36

Male

Question 37

Gender Males have higher BMR due to _____ & ____

Answer 37

(1) Greater muscle mass (2) Lower body fat percentage

Question 38

BMR reduced with age, after ____ yrs it drops by ___ per decade

Answer 38

(1) 20 years (2) 2%

Question 39

____ is reflection of height & weight wherein greater ____ factor results in ____

Answer 39

(1 & 2) Body Surface Area (3) Higher BMR

Question 40

In this factor, lower body fat percentage results in _____, and men have faster BMR with _____ %

Answer 40

(1) HIgher BMR (2) 10-15%

Question 41

Diet: ______ can dramatically reduct BMR up to what percentage ____

Answer 41

(1) Starvation or Serious Abrupt Calorie Reduction (2) 30%

Question 42

Give 5 conditions that increase BMR

Answer 42

(1) Prolonged exposure to heat (2) Exposure to cold temp (3) Increase of 0.5C internal temperature (4) Greater body surface area (5) Lower body fat percentage

Question 43

In body temperature an increase of ____ internal temperature will increase BMR by ____%

Answer 43

(1) 0.5C (2) 7%

Question 44

The chemical reaction in the body occurs more quickly at _____

Answer 44

Higher body temperature

Question 45

External temp: ____ & ___ increase BMR; ____ little effect on BMR

Answer 45

(1) Exposure to cold temp & Prolonged exposure to heat (2) Short exposure to hot temp

Question 46

External temp condition ___ where there is an inc in BMR as to create ____ needed to maintain body's internal temperature

Answer 46

(1) Exposure to cold temp (2) extra heat

Question 47

Short exposure to hot temprature has little effect on body metabolism for it is ______ by ____

Answer 47

(1) compensated (2) increase heat loss

Question 48

key BMR regulator that speeds up metabolic activity

Answer 48

Thyroxin

Question 49

Thyroin is produced in ____ & controlled by ____

Answer 49

(1) Thyroid gland (2) Endocrine

Question 50

____ can also increase BMR but to lesser extent

Answer 50

Adrenaline

Question 51

____ too much production of thryoxin; ____ too little production of thryoxin

Answer 51

(1) Thyrotoxicosis (2) Myxoedema

Question 52

Too much production of thyroxin is also called ___ where it is influenced by _____

Answer 52

(1) Thyrotoxicosis (2) endocrine imbalance

Question 53

Result of BMR in the ff conditions: (1) Thyrotoxicosis: _____ (2) Myxoedema: _____

Answer 53

(1) BMR is higher & can double (2) BMR may shrink 30-40%

Question 54

___ fat, slow BMR, intake a little amount of food = gains weight; _____ thin, fast BMR, continuous food intake = no weight gain

Answer 54

(1) Hypothyroidism (2) Hyperthyroidism

Question 55

In diverticulosis there is a formation of pockets in ____

Answer 55

small intestine

Question 56

Give the formula for Tannhauser's Method or Desirable Body Weight.

Answer 56

Kg = (Htcm - 100) - 0.10 (Htcm - 100)

Question 57

Give the formula for Body Mass Index

Answer 57

BMR = weight (kg) / height (m)2

Question 58

In tannhauser's method the height should be in ____

Answer 58

Cm (1 inch = 2.54 cm)

Question 59

___ measure of body fat based on height in ___ & weight ___ to adult men & women

Answer 59

(1) BMI (2) meters square (m)2 (3) kilograms

Question 60

BMI weight status for normal & obese

Answer 60

Normal: 18.5 - 24.9 Obese: 30.0 above

Question 61

BMI weight status for underweight & overweight

Answer 61

underweight: below 18.5 overweight: 25.0 - 29.9

Question 62

Choose the DBW for larger frame (1) ( h - 100) + 0.10 ( h - 100) in kg (2) (height - 100) in kg (3) ( h - 100) - 0.10 ( h - 100) in kg

Answer 62

(1) ( h - 100) + 0.10 ( h - 100) in kg

Question 63

Choose the DBW for medium frame (1) ( h - 100) - 0.10 ( h - 100) in kg (2) ( h - 100) + 0.10 ( h - 100) in kg (3) (height - 100) in kg

Answer 63

(3) (height - 100) in kg

Question 64

Two methods to calculate Basic Metabolic Rate

Answer 64

(1) Total Energy Requirement (TER) (2) Harris Benedict Equation + Activity Multiplier

Question 65

TER is also known as ____ wherein the total number of calories expends in _____ including ___

Answer 65

(1) Maintenance level (2) 24hrs (3) all activites

Question 66

True/False knowing your TER gives a starting reference to begin your diet

Answer 66

True

Question 67

Maintenance level in US for women = ____; men = ___

Answer 67

(1) w = 2,000 - 2,100 calories per day (2) m = 2,7000 - 2,9000 calories per day

Question 68

Time of the day: ___ term called for the fluctuations of body temperature throughout the day

Answer 68

Diurnal variation

Question 69

Time of the day: ___ highest BT; ___ lowest BT

Answer 69

1) Late in the afternoon 2) Sleeping

Question 70

Formula for TER

Answer 70

DBW in kg x BMR