energy and ATP

Question 1

What is the structure of ATP?

Answer 1

adenine- nitrogen containing organic base.
Ribose- pentose sugar that acts as a backbone to which other parts attach.
Phosphates- chain of 3 phosphate groups

Question 2

How does ATP store energy?

Answer 2

the bonds between the three phosphate groups are unstable so have low activation energy, so they are easily broken. When they break, they release a considerable amount of energy

Question 3

what is the equation for hydrolysis of ATP?

Answer 3

ATP + Water = ADP + inorganic phosphate + energy

Question 4

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 4

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 5

What does ADP stand for?

Answer 5

adenosine diphosphate

Question 6

Why is conversion of ATP to ADP a reversible reaction?

Answer 6

Energy can be used to add an inorganic phosphate to ADP to reform ATP. This reaction can be catalysed by ATP synthase. Water is also removed as this is a condensation reaction

Question 7

How does the synthase of ATP from ADP occur?

Answer 7

1) in chlorophyll-containing plant cells during photosynthesis (photophosphorylation)
2) in plant and animal cells during photosynthesis (oxidative phosphorylation)
3) in plant and animal cells when phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP (substrate level phosphorylation)

Question 8

What is the role of ATP?

Answer 8

immediate energy source for the cell. Used in metabolic processes, movement, active transport, secretion and activation of molecules

Question 9

How does ATP play a role in metabolic processes?

Answer 9

provides energy for build up of macromolecules from basic units, eg, making starch from glucose