introduction to biological molecules⭐️ Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a mole?

A

a unit for measuring the amount of a subsance

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2
Q

what is a molar solution?

A

contains one mole of solute in a litre of solution

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3
Q

what is covalent bonding?

A

atoms share a pair of electrons from their outer shell to become more stable and have a full outer shell

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4
Q

what is ionic bonding?

A

ions with opposite charges attract, this is electrostatic attraction, and electrons are either gained or lost

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5
Q

what is hydrogen bonding?

A

polar molecules have an uneven distribution of electrons so weak electrostatic forces of attraction form between delta negative parts of one atom and delta positive parts of another

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6
Q

what is polymerisation?

A

process of forming a polymer from monomers

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7
Q

what is a macromolecule?

A

large biological molecule

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8
Q

what is a condensation reaction?

A

a reaction between two monomers to produce a polymer which releases a molecule of water

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9
Q

what is hydrolysis?

A

breaking bonds between monomers in a polymer using water

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10
Q

what is metabolism?

A

all the chemical processes that occur in living organisms

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11
Q

what are some examples of biological monomers?

A

monosaccharides, glucose, fructose, galactose, amino acids, nucleotides

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12
Q

what are some examples of biological polymers?

A

polysaccharides, such as starch, cellulose, glycogen, polypeptides, dna

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13
Q

name the type of reaction when 2 monomers are joined together

A

condensation reaction

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14
Q

what is released when 2 monomers are bonded together?

A

a molecule of water

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15
Q

name the type of reaction when a polymer is broken down into monomers

A

hydrolysis

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16
Q

what is needed for a hydrolysis reaction?

A

a molecule of water used to break the bonds