introduction to biological molecules⭐️

Question 1

what is a mole?

Answer 1

a unit for measuring the amount of a subsance

Question 2

what is a molar solution?

Answer 2

contains one mole of solute in a litre of solution

Question 3

what is covalent bonding?

Answer 3

atoms share a pair of electrons from their outer shell to become more stable and have a full outer shell

Question 4

what is ionic bonding?

Answer 4

ions with opposite charges attract, this is electrostatic attraction, and electrons are either gained or lost

Question 5

what is hydrogen bonding?

Answer 5

polar molecules have an uneven distribution of electrons so weak electrostatic forces of attraction form between delta negative parts of one atom and delta positive parts of another

Question 6

what is polymerisation?

Answer 6

process of forming a polymer from monomers

Question 7

what is a macromolecule?

Answer 7

large biological molecule

Question 8

what is a condensation reaction?

Answer 8

a reaction between two monomers to produce a polymer which releases a molecule of water

Question 9

what is hydrolysis?

Answer 9

breaking bonds between monomers in a polymer using water

Question 10

what is metabolism?

Answer 10

all the chemical processes that occur in living organisms

Question 11

what are some examples of biological monomers?

Answer 11

monosaccharides, glucose, fructose, galactose, amino acids, nucleotides

Question 12

what are some examples of biological polymers?

Answer 12

polysaccharides, such as starch, cellulose, glycogen, polypeptides, dna

Question 13

name the type of reaction when 2 monomers are joined together

Answer 13

condensation reaction

Question 14

what is released when 2 monomers are bonded together?

Answer 14

a molecule of water

Question 15

name the type of reaction when a polymer is broken down into monomers

Answer 15

hydrolysis

Question 16

what is needed for a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 16

a molecule of water used to break the bonds