introduction to biological molecules⭐️ Flashcards
what is a mole?
a unit for measuring the amount of a subsance
what is a molar solution?
contains one mole of solute in a litre of solution
what is covalent bonding?
atoms share a pair of electrons from their outer shell to become more stable and have a full outer shell
what is ionic bonding?
ions with opposite charges attract, this is electrostatic attraction, and electrons are either gained or lost
what is hydrogen bonding?
polar molecules have an uneven distribution of electrons so weak electrostatic forces of attraction form between delta negative parts of one atom and delta positive parts of another
what is polymerisation?
process of forming a polymer from monomers
what is a macromolecule?
large biological molecule
what is a condensation reaction?
a reaction between two monomers to produce a polymer which releases a molecule of water
what is hydrolysis?
breaking bonds between monomers in a polymer using water
what is metabolism?
all the chemical processes that occur in living organisms
what are some examples of biological monomers?
monosaccharides, glucose, fructose, galactose, amino acids, nucleotides
what are some examples of biological polymers?
polysaccharides, such as starch, cellulose, glycogen, polypeptides, dna
name the type of reaction when 2 monomers are joined together
condensation reaction
what is released when 2 monomers are bonded together?
a molecule of water
name the type of reaction when a polymer is broken down into monomers
hydrolysis