Energy needs and energy balance Flashcards
(25 cards)
what is positive energy balance?
energy intake is more than enegy expended
what is negative energy balance?
energy expended is more than energy intake
what is thermogenesis?
the production of heat by the body
what is basal metabolic rate?
the amout of energy spent to meet the body’s basic physiological needs
true/false: basic metabolic rate is difficult to measure to resting metabolic rate (RMR) is used
true
what is the thermic effect of exercise?
the increase in muscle contraction that occurs during physical activity
what is non-exercise activity thermogenesis?
energy that is expended from acitivies not considered exercise
what is the thermic effect of food?
energy used to process the macronutrients and extract kilocalories from food
what is the thermic effect of food influenced by?
- meal composition and nutrients consumed
- athletic strength status (decreases)
- weight status
what is adaptive thermogenesis?
the idea that the bodys regulation of heat production is influenced by environmental changes
what is direct calorimetry?
measures energy expenditure by assessing body heat loss within a metabolic chamber
what is indirect calorimetry?
estimates energy expenditure by measuring oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide produced with a metabolic cart
What is the mifflin-st. joer equation?
used to estimate resting metabolic rate
what is body composition?
the amoount of fat tissue to lean mass present (expressed as a percent)
what is lean mass?
mass that comes from the muscles, bones, and organs
what is subcutaneous fat?
fat that is located directly under the skin
what is visceral fat?
fat that is stored around the organs and in the abdominal area
what is the function of brown adipose tissue?
to generate heat
what is hydrostatic weighing and how accurate of a measurement is it?
a method that is used to asses body volume by underwater weighing; 2-3% margin of error
what is the air displacement method?
a method to asses body volume by using air; 3% margin of error
what is dual energy x-ray absorptiometry?
a method to assess bone density and body mass by using two low energy x-ray beams
what is bioelectrical impedance analysis?
a method to measure resistance to low energy current as it travels through muscle and body fat; not as accurate as other tests
what is skin fold caliper?
the measure of fat in various locations
what is waist circumference?
measure of fat location
