Trace Minerals Flashcards
(38 cards)
what is the dietary need for trace minerals?
<20mg/day
what are the best food sources for trace minerals?
- whole grains
- legumes
- dairy
- meat
- seafood
what are the two forms of iron?
- eme iron (ferrous iron - Fe2+)
- nonheme iron (ferric iron - Fe3+)
what is the role of heme iron in the body?
- component of hemoglobin and myoglobin
- component of cytochromes in the ETC
heme iron is more commonly found in _ based foods?
animal
true/false: heme iron is more bioavalible than nonheme iron?
true
what is the role of nonheme iron in the body?
helps with the absorption of vitamin C
nonheme iron is more commonly found in ____ based foods?
plant
what are the steps in the absorption of iron?
- iron attaches to ferritin in enterocytes
- Hephaestin oxidizes ferrous iron to ferric iron (heme to nonheme)
- iron is then transported in the blood with transferrin
what are the roles of iron in the body?
- component of blood
- cofactor in energy metabolism
- immune functions - production of lymphocytes and macrophages
what is the RDA for iron?
- Adult females (19-50): 18mg/day
- All other adults: 8mg/day
- Vegetarians need 2x recommended daily amount
what are the functions of iron in the body?
- component of proteins needed for oxidation reactions
- copper containing enzymes oxidize iron at enterocyte
- contributes to ATP production i ETC
- contributes to connective tissue synthesis
what is the AI for copper?
900mcg/day
what is the function of zinc?
- growth and development
- immune system functioning
- taste perception
what are the RDAs for zinc?
- 11mg/day for males
- 8mg/day for females
what are the functions of selenium?
- component of enyzmes regulating the thyroid hormone
- some seleoproteins function as antioxidants
what is the RDA for selenium?
55 mcg/day
what are the impacts of fluoride on the body?
- forms crystalline fluorapatitie in developing teeth
- hardens tooth enamel
- resists tooth decay
what are the impacts of iodine on the body?
component of the thyroid hormone
what are the food sources of iodine?
- seaweed
- iodized salt
what is the disease associated with iodine deficiency?
Gotier - enlarged thyroid gland
what are the symptoms of iron deficiency?
- fatigue
- weakness
- pale presentation
what are the symptoms of zinc deficiency?
- loss of appetite
- changes in taste
- hair loss
- skin rashes
- delayed sexual maturation and slow growth in children
what are the diseases associated with selenium deficiency?
- Keshan disease - heart damage
- Hashimotos disease - thyroid disease
