Water and Alcohol

Question 1

what is polarity?

Answer 1

the disribution of charges across a molecule

Question 2

what is intracellular fluid?

Answer 2

fluid found within cells

Question 3

what is interstitial fluid?

Answer 3

fluid found between cells

Question 4

what is hydrolysis?

Answer 4

breaking down compounds with water as a reactant

Question 5

what are condensation reactions?

Answer 5

forming compounds with water as a product

Question 6

what are electrolyes?

Answer 6

charged ions in a solution that can conduct current

Question 7

what are cations?

Answer 7

positive charged ions

Question 8

what are anions?

Answer 8

negetively charged ions

Question 9

what are the extracellular fluid electrolytes?

Answer 9

sodium and chloride

Question 10

what are the intracellular fluid electrolytes?

Answer 10

potassium and phosphate

Question 11

what is an antidirectic hormone?

Answer 11

stimulates kidney to reabsorb water and increase fluid balance

Question 12

what is the body’s response to high sodium concentration?

Answer 12

1. the hypothalamus detects a high concentration of salt in the blood and stimulates the pituitary gland
2. the pituitary gland releases ADH which travels to the kidneys
3. ADH stimilates the kidneys to absorb more water, which increases blood volume and blood pressure

Question 13

what is the function of angiotensin?

Answer 13

aids in vasocontriction

Question 14

what is the function of aldosterone?

Answer 14

aids in sodium reabsorption

Question 15

what is the bodys response to low sodium concentration?

Answer 15

1. the kidneys sense a drop in blodo volume and release the enzyme renin
2. renin activates the protein angiotensin which aids in vasoconstriction
3. aldosterone signals to the kidneys to reabsorb more sodium which increases blood volume and blood pressure

Question 16

what is the AI for water?

Answer 16

• 9 cups of fluid for women
• 13 cups of fluid for men

Question 17

what are diuretics?

Answer 17

compounds that increase the production of urine

Question 18

what are some common diuretics?

Answer 18

• coffee
• alcohol
• tea

Question 19

what is hyponatremia?

Answer 19

low levels of sodium in the blood

Question 20

what is dehydration?

Answer 20

loss or depletion of bodily fluids

Question 21

what are the standardized drink sizes?

Answer 21

• beer = 12oz
• wine = 5oz
• liquor = 1.5oz

Question 22

is alcohol digested?

Answer 22

no, it can be quicjkly absorbed into the bloodstream through diffusion

Question 23

what is alcohol dehydrogenase?

Answer 23

an enzyme that metabolizes alcohol in the stomach

Question 24

what is acetate?

Answer 24

the product of alcohol metabolism

Question 25

what can acetate be transformed into?

Answer 25

fatty acid and turned into adipose tissue

Question 26

what is the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system?

Answer 26

the system in which our body metabolizes drugs

Question 27

in what order does alcohol effect the brain?

Answer 27

1. cerebral cortex - senses and judgement 2. hippocampus - memory and emotions 3. cerebellum - balance and movement 4. stem - breathing and heart rate

Question 28

what are the long term effects of alcohol?

Answer 28

* impaired digestion, absorption, and metabolism * malnutrition * weight change * disrupts parathyroid (related to bone health) * liver disease * cancer

Question 29

what are the different types of liver disease associated with alcohol consumption?

Answer 29

* fatty liver = disrupted breakdown of fatty acid accumulation in liver * alcoholic hepatitis = inflamed liver tissue * cirrhosis = chronic inflammation that causes scarring

Question 30

what is ketogenesis?

Answer 30

the formation of ketone bodies

Question 31

what is ketoacidosis?

Answer 31

an excess accumulation of ketone bodies

Question 32

what is physical fitness?

Answer 32

good health or physical condition as a result of exercise and nutrition

Question 33

what is physical activity?

Answer 33

body movement that expands energy

Question 34

what is exercise?

Answer 34

structured or planned physical activity

Question 35

what are the 5 components of physical acitivity?

Answer 35

* cardiorespiratory endruance = ability to sustain cardiorespiratory exercise for an extended length of time * muscular strength = abilty to produce force for a brief period of time * muscular endurance = ability to exert force over a longer period of time wihtout fatigue * flexibility = range of motion around a joint, improved with stretching * body composition = the promotion of muscle, fat, water, and other tissues in the body

Question 36

what are the benefits of physical fitness?

Answer 36

* reduced risk of cardiovascular disease * muscle as a component of body composition * reduced risk of type II diabetes * reduced risk of some cancers * improvement of bone mineral density * improved immune system functioning * improved sleep quality

Question 37

what does FITT stand for?

Answer 37

* frequency * intensity * time * type