Water soluble vitamins

Question 1

what is the key role of Thiamin/vitamin B1?

Answer 1

ATP production - removes a carbon from pyruvate to generate acetyl-coA and co2

Question 2

which 3 amino acids does thiamin convert into acetyl-coa

Answer 2

• isoleucine
• leucine
• valine

Question 3

what are some of the food sources of thiamin?

Answer 3

• whole grains
• nuts
• legumes
• pork

Question 4

what is the disease of deficiency for thiamin?

Answer 4

• Beriberi
• Wernike-Korsakoff syndrome

Question 5

what is beriberi?

Answer 5

inflammation of the nerves

Question 6

what is wernicke-korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 6

mental confusion and memory loss

Question 7

what is the main funtion of riboflavin/vitamin B2?

Answer 7

energy-metabolism coenzyme- precursor for FADH2

Question 8

what are the symptoms of riboflavin deficiency?

Answer 8

• stomatitis = irritated lining of the mouth
• glossitis = inflammation of the tongue
• cheilosis = cracked lips or corners of the mouth

Question 9

what is the RDA for riboflavin?

Answer 9

1.1-1.3 mg

Question 10

what are some dietary sources of riboflavin

Answer 10

• milk and yogurt
• enriched cereals and grains
• spinach
• almonds
• eggs

Question 11

what is the role of niacin?

Answer 11

• precursor to NAD+ and NADP+

Question 12

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what is the disease of deficiency for Niacin and its symptoms?

Answer 12

• pellagra
• symptoms are dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and death

Question 13

what are the food sources for niacin?

Answer 13

• meat
• fish
• poultry
• enriched whole grains
• fortified cereals

Question 14

what is the role of panothenic acid?

Answer 14

component of coenzyme A which is part of the citric acid cycle

Question 15

what are the symptoms of panothenic acid deficiency?

Answer 15

• fatigue
• nausea
• vomiting
• numbness
• muscle cramps

Question 16

what are the dietary sources of panothenic acid?

Answer 16

• whole grains
• nuts, legumes, and nut butters
• meat
• milk
• eggs

Question 17

what are the functions of biotin?

Answer 17

• coenzyme function
• aids in DNA replication and gene transcription

Question 18

what are the food sources of biotin?

Answer 18

• peanuts
• egg yolks
• whole grains
• fish
• organ meats

Question 19

what are the symptoms of biotin deficiency?

Answer 19

• dermatitis of the eyes, nose, and mouth
• hair loss
• lethargy
• depression

Question 20

what is egg white injury?

Answer 20

avidin in egg whites binds to biotin which decreases its bioavaliability - causes deficiency

Question 21

what are the symptoms of egg white injury?

Answer 21

• dermatitis
• hair loss
• depression
• nausea

Question 22

what is the inactive form of vitamin B6 called?

Answer 22

pyridoxine

Question 23

what is the active form of vitamin B6 called?

Answer 23

pryidoxal phosphate (PLP)

Question 24

what are the functions of vitamin B6?

Answer 24

• coenzyme in protein metabolism
• involved in RBC synthesis
• involved in glycogenolysis
• reduces N/V in pregnancy

Question 25

what are the symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency?

Answer 25

* sore tongue * inflammation of the skin * depression * confusion * microcytic, hypochromic anemia

Question 26

what is the synthetic form of folate?

Answer 26

folic acid

Question 27

how is folate activated?

Answer 27

it is transported to the liver where it is then activated by vitamin B12

Question 28

what are the function of folate?

Answer 28

* prevention of neurtal tube defects in developing fetus * coenzyme in transfer of single-carbon compounds

Question 29

what are the two neutral tube defects that can form as a result of folic acid deficiency in pregnant women?

Answer 29

* anecephaly = brain doesnt form * spina bifida = spine doesnt close properly during development which causes it to spike out of the lower back

Question 30

what are the dietary sources of folic acid?

Answer 30

* leafy greens * asparagus * legumes * seeds

Question 31

what is the recommended intake of folate?

Answer 31

* adults - 400 mcg * pregnant women - 600 mcg

Question 32

what are the conditions that can occur as a result of folate deficiency?

Answer 32

* neural tube defects * macrocytic anemia - large RBC forms and result in reduced O2 carry capacity

Question 33

what is the family of compounds for vitamin B12?

Answer 33

cobalamin

Question 34

what is the digestion process for vitamin B12?

Answer 34

* chief cells produce pepsin which hydrolzes B12 * parietal cells in the stomach produce HCL and intrinsic factor which binds to B12 * vitamin is absorbed through entercytes in the small intestine * In the enterocyte, IF releases B12 which binds to transcobalamin for transport

Question 35

where is vitamin B12 stored?

Answer 35

in the liver

Question 36

what are the functions of vitamin B12?

Answer 36

* coenzyme * activates folate * important for the health of certain cells

Question 37

what is the recommended daily intake for vitamin B12?

Answer 37

2.4 micrograms/day

Question 38

what are the dietary sources for vitamin B12?

Answer 38

* meat * fish * dairy * eggs * fortified milk-replacement products * forified ready to eat cereals

Question 39

what are the conditions associated with vitamin B12 deficiency?

Answer 39

* perinious anemia * nerve damage

Question 40

what are the functions of vitamin C?

Answer 40

* tissue synthesis * antioxidant * assists in absorption of non-heme iron * synthesis of white blood cells

Question 41

what is the recommended daily amount for vitamin C?

Answer 41

75-90mg/day

Question 42

what are the dietary sources for vitamin C?

Answer 42

* citrus fruits * strawberry * kiwi * bell pepper * broccoli * cauliflower

Question 43

what is the condition associated with vitamin C deficiency and its symptoms?

Answer 43

* scurvy * bleeding gums * rash * non-healing wounds * internal bleeding