ENT

Question 1

what is sinusitis

Answer 1

inflammation + infection of sinuses

- usually secondary to viral upper respiratory tract infection

Question 2

most common organisms in sinusitis

Answer 2

step pneumoniae
H. influenza
rhinoviruses

Question 3

what sinus can become infected following dental surgery

Answer 3

maxillary

Question 4

presentation of sinusitis

Answer 4

facial pain worse on bending foreward
purulent discharge
‘mouth breathing’ due to nasal obstruction
post nasal drip

Question 5

tx acute sinusitis

Answer 5

analgesia
nasal decongestants
amoxicillin if very severe (not usually required)

Question 6

management chronic/recurrent sinusitis

Answer 6

as acute + intranasal steroids

ENT referral

Question 7

Samters triad

Answer 7

asthma, aspirin sensitivity, nasal polyps

Question 8

tx nasal polyps

Answer 8

topical corticosteroids

ENT referral

Question 9

most common form of tonsillitis

Answer 9

bacterial – strep pyogenes

Question 10

presentation of bacterial tonsillitis

Answer 10

malaise
sore throat 
odynophagia - pain on swallowing 
cervical lymphadenopathy
tonsillar exudate

Question 11

centor criteria tonsillitis

Answer 11

tonsillar exudate
tender cervical lymphadenopathy
fever
no cough

Question 12

Antibiotic given in tonsillitis

Answer 12

penicillin

erythromycin if allergic

Question 13

complications of tonsilitis

Answer 13

quinsy
otitis media
rheumatic fever
glomerulonephritis

Question 14

presentation of quinsy

Answer 14

unilateral throat pain
uvula deviates to unaffected side
trismus - difficulty opening jaw
decreased neck mobility

Question 15

Tx quinsy

Answer 15

Iv antibiotics + needle aspiration

Question 16

what is otitis media

Answer 16

infection of middle ear cavity typically following URT infection
- usually viral

Question 17

symptoms of otitis media

Answer 17

fever, ear ache
otalgia - sudden relief if tympanic membrane perforates

red bulging tympanic membrane

Question 18

management of acute otitis media

Answer 18

80% resolve within 4 days and do not need antibiotics

- amoxicillin is first line if required

Question 19

what is glue ear

Answer 19

otitis media with effusion

• fluid in middle ear causing conductive hearing loss
• dull, retracted tympanic membrane

Question 20

what is otitis externa

Answer 20

inflammation of external ear canal

• red itchy painful swollen ear
• conductive hearing loss as canal is blocked with debris

Question 21

tx bacterial otitis externa

Answer 21

acetic acid 2% washout

Question 22

tx fungal otitis externa

Answer 22

clotrimazole wash out

Question 23

tx pseudomonas otitis externa

Answer 23

topical gentamicin

Question 24

cholesteatoma

Answer 24

keratinised squamous cells in the middle ear (wrong place)

• conductive hearing loss
• purulent discharge

tx- surgery

Question 25

what is nasopharyngeal carcinoma associated with

Answer 25

EBV

Question 26

flat tympanogram

Answer 26

otitis media

Question 27

what is otosclerosis

Answer 27

stapes fixation

• conductive hearing loss
• carharts notch - dip in bone condition at 2000 Hz

Question 28

management of a child with a swollen eye following sinus infection

Answer 28

EMERGENCY
orbital cellulitis
- could cause blindness
- CT