ENT

Question 1

I’ve been told I was going deaf…

Answer 1

It was very difficult to hear

Question 2

Ok I’ll stop…

Answer 2

These jokes are too ear-itating

Question 3

Back to the flash cards…

Answer 3

Ear we go!

Question 4

What symptoms are related to the nose?

Answer 4

Obstruction 
Rhinorrhoea
Hyposmia 
Epistaxis
Facial pain 

-also sneeze, post nasal drip

Question 5

What symptom are related to the ear?

Answer 5

Earache 
Ear discharge 
Hearing loss 
Tinnitus 
Dizziness

Question 6

What symptoms are related to the throat?

Answer 6

Dysphagia 
Odynophasia 
Hoarseness
Sore throat 
Regurgitation

Question 7

What can cause otalgia not in the ear?

Answer 7

Pharynx
Dental infections
TMJ

Question 8

What differential are there for otorrhoea?

Answer 8

Acute otitis externa
Cholestoma
Impacted wax
Acute otitis media -rarer

Question 9

RF for otitis externa?

Answer 9

Skin conditions

instrument insertion or water into canal

Question 10

Wha tis first line for otitis externa?

Answer 10

Oral analgesia
keep ear dry
swab ear
Topical abs + steroid

Question 11

What complications are there of otitis externa

Answer 11

Osteomyelitis

Canal stenosis

Question 12

Ear drum perforation management.

Answer 12

Conservative - 6w wait until referral to ENT
Medical - Topical Abx if infection
Surgical - myringoplasty

Question 13

What are the symptoms of a cholesteoma?

Answer 13

Discharge
Otalgia
Conductive hearing loss
Off balance

Question 14

What is glomus jugular?

Answer 14

A paragangioma - a benign growing tumour

Question 15

How should a cholestoma be investigated?

Answer 15

Microscopy
Treat infection
Pure tone audiogram

Question 16

What imaging is used for planning ENT surgery?

Answer 16

Usually CT over MRI

Question 17

What surgical treatment is there for cholestoma?

Answer 17

Mastoidectomy

Question 18

Red flag symptoms for H&N cancers?

Answer 18

6w hx of hoarsenes

3w hx of swelling, dysphagia, nasal obstruction, neck mass

Question 19

What to ask with a dysphonia?

Answer 19

Smoking
Alchohol
Infection - EBV, HPV
GORD

Question 20

What features of a thyroid lump would suggest a malignancy?

Answer 20

Child
Red flags - hoarseness, stridor
Rapidly enlarging mass and cervicle lymph nodes

Question 21

What happens to TFT with a thyroid malignancy?

Answer 21

TFTs are usually normal

Question 22

What is the most common type of thyroid cancer?

Answer 22

Papillary carcinoma

Question 23

What must be explained in order for a patient to give consent to a procedure?

Answer 23

Explanation of procedure
Intended benefits
Risks
Alternative treatment

Question 24

What can cause enlarged turbinates with inflammation on nasal examination?

Answer 24

GPA
Chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps
Sarcoidosis

Question 25

What investigations should be done for Chronic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 25

RAST testing for allergies

Question 26

How is rhinosinusitis treated

Answer 26

Topical nasal steroid + saline nasal irrigation. Antihistamine with allergy

Question 27

How are nasal polyps treated?

Answer 27

Medical - Topical and oral steroids | Surgical - if recurrent

Question 28

What causes are there for generalised thyroid swelling?

Answer 28

Pregnancy and puberty Muiltinodular goitre Hashimotos Graves disease

Question 29

Name 3 otoxic drugs

Answer 29

Aspirin (in overdose) Furosemide Aminoglycosides e.g. gentamicin