Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Year 4 Medicine Manchester > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Why is Guillain Barre syndrome not very good a exams?

A

It looses its nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do you get to the pacinian corpuscle from the brain?

A

Take the spinal cord and dendrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What Q are in ROS?

(think from head to toe)

A

Headache

Fits, faints and funny turns

Memory problems

Altered vision or hearing

Weakness and numbness

Incontinence and erectile dysfunction

Balance and cordination (Gait)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

DD for headache

A

Raised ICP

Migraine

Acute glaucoma

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

Trigeminal neuralgia

Cluster headache

Temporal artritis

Tension headache

Sinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What red flags are there for headaches?

A

First and worst

Fever

Cognitive or neurological deficit

Personality change

Trauma within 3/12

Made worst by coughing, sneezing, exercise or posture

Halo around light or worst in dark

>65y and jaw claudication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DD Transient loss of conscioussness?

A

Abscence siezure

Generalised tonic clonic

Psychogenic non-epileptic siezure

Early morning myoclonus

Cardiogenic

Vasovagal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What features of a sieure would indicate a psychogenic cause?

A

Eyes closed

Arching of back

Shaking side to side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What would indicate a cardiogenic syncopy with TLC?

A

Palipatations

FH of sudden death

Triggered by exercise or turning neck

No post ictal

sweating and pallor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Head ache with stapping pain when brishing or chewing.

MLD (most likely diagnosis) ?

A

Trigeminal neuralgia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Headache with facial tenderness and rhinorrhoea

MLD (most likely diagnosis) ?

A

Sinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What MRC grade is movement greater than gravity?

A

Grade 3+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What MRC grade is twitching with no movement?

A

MRC Grade 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the LMN signs?

A

Decreased reflexes

Decreased tone

Fasiculations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the UMN signs?

A

Increased reflexes

Increased tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What sensory tract are there in the spine?

A

Spinothalamic

Dorsal Columns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What sensory tracts carry temperature, pain and crude touch?

A

Spinothalalmic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What sensory tracts carries fine touch and proprioception?

A

Dorsal columns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

At what level does the spinalthalamic tracts decussate?

A

Level of the rootlet, straight away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

At what level does the dorsal coumumns decussate?

A

Medial lemniscal (medulla)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What part of the dorsal columns carries sensation to the lower limbs?

A

Gracille fasciculus - Ground for feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Brown-Sequard syndrome?

A

Hemi-section of the cord is cut leading to…

Ipsilateral UMN signs and fine touch and propioception (dorsal clumumns)

Contralateral loss of paina and temperature (spinothalamic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What motor tracts are there in the spinal cord?

A

Pyramidal

Extra-pyramidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where do pyramidal tract decussate?

Study These Flashcards
A

At the level of the medulla

24
Q

Where is the lesion with a Bitemporal hemianopia?

25
Where is the lesion with a Homonymous hemianopia?
Occipital cortex or optic radiation
26
Where is the probable lesino for monocular blindness on the optic tract?
Optic nerve
27
What is the DD for peripheral neuropathy? VITMIN CDEF
Alchol Vit B12 hypothyroid CKD Vasculitis Malignancy -Lymphoma, MM CMT disease GB syndrome Amyloidosis Autoimmune
28
What investigation can be done for peripheral neuropathy?
CT head MRI CXR X ray head EEG EMG
29
What questions are inculded in neuro review of systems? (think head to toe)
Headaches “Fits, faints and funny turns” Memory problems Altered vision or hearing Numbness and Weakness Incontinence and erectile dysfunction Balance and co-ordination difficulties (gait)
30
What is the typical presentation of gruillian barre syndrome?
Areflexia with progressive weakness Usually progressive over 4w. Can have cranial nerve and autonomic involvement. Accompanied by features on LP and EMG
31
Guillain-Barre syndrome is described as a **Poly-radiculo-neuropathy**, what does this mean?
Involvemnt of the nerve roots and peripheral nerves
32
What Ix can be done for a presentation of Guillain barre syndrome?
Bedside - Spirometry Bloods - FBC, UE, LFT, Bone, Ca, Mg, CRP, ESR Imaging - CXR Special tests - LP, EMG, ?MRI
33
What differentials are for Guilian Barre syndrome which may need to be considered?
Acute cervicle myelopathy Infectinos - botulism, diptheria, lyme disease
34
What is the management of Guillain Barre syndrome?
IVIG or plasma exchange **VTE prophylaxis** Breathing - Exclude PE, spirometry, ABG for pCO2 ?ICU Serology - campylobacter
35
Wgat night be found on LP with GB syndrome?
albuminocytological dissociation - raised protein
36
What may EMG show with GB syndrome?
Recuced velocity and amplitude of sensory and motor neurone. Incused delayed F waves. In keeping with an aquired demylinating neuropathy
37
What is nerve conductino studies (EMG) a good investigation for?
Peripheral neruopathy Localising pathology in PNS
38
What is an F wave when concerned with EMG?
Antidromic responce - Impulse created is relfected of the spine leading to a later and lesser muscle depolarisation after the compound motor actino potential (CMAP)
39
What is CMAP and SNAP in EMG?
CMAP - compound motor action potential SNAP - sensory actino potential
40
What should be should be considered in a history history if fever, malaise and weightloss and therefore what maybe seen on LP
May be TB menigitis: Lymphocytosis High opening pressures Very high protien Very low glucose
41
Generalised weakness and areflexia with increased protein on LP?
Guilain barre syndrome
42
Chronic headaches worst when bending and associated visual changes. High opening pressure otherwise normal LP. MLD?
idiopathic intercranial hypertension
43
There is sensory and motor loss in the thumb, 2nd and 3rd digits as well as thenar eminesce. What nerve distibution is and MLD?
Median nerve Carpal tunnel syndrome
44
Patient presents with eye changes: ptosis, diplopia bilaterallly and has proximal fratigue. MLD?
Myethenia gravis
45
What can oligoclonal bands on LP indicate?
Inflammatory disorder of the CNS which may include transverse myelitis or MS
46
What is xanthochromia and what does it indicate on LP?
Metabolites (oxyhaemoglobin and biirubin) from heamolysed RBC in CSF. This is surgestive of a bleed like subarachnoid haemorrhage.
47
A patient has progressive weekness on the right side of the face over 48 hours with difficulty closing the right eye lid. MLD?
Bells palsy
48
What is the treatment for bells palsy?
Steroids within 72hours +/- acyclovir Tape eye shut Resolves normally however may recurr
49
What differentials are ther for facial weakness?
UMN - tumour, stroke LMN - truama, bells palsy, otitis media, MS or GB syndrome, Ramsey hunt syndrome
50
A 65 year old has severe pain on the left side of the face which developes into facial weakness and "ringing in the ears". On inspection there are vesicles surrounding the external meatus. MLD?
Ramsey hunt syndrome - shingles of the geniculate nucleus of the facial nerve. This is a reactivation of Varicella Zoster
51
How could a Bells palsy be differentiated from a stroke?
Strokes are acute onset and forehead sparing with peripheral neurological signs. The Bells palsy take hours to days to onset and is a LMN and therefore not forehead sparing.
52
What is rigidity?
Velocity independent - common in parkinsons
53
What is spasticity?
Velocity dependent - chronic UMN lesion
54
Where is the lesion localised? 1) Inferior homonymous quadrantanopias 2) superior homonymous quadrantanopias
1) Parietal lobe 2) Temporal lobe
55
What on LP would surgest Guillian-barre syndrome?
Increased protein Cytoalbuminological dissociation
56
What indicates a vasovagal syncopy?
**P**osition - upright **P**rovocating - pain, dehydration, emotion **P**rodrome - light headed, visual blurring If not consider cardiogenic syncopy
57
What are the SE of lamatrogine?
Nausea Sedation Insomina WATCH OUT FOR RASH/HYPERSENSITIV

Year 4 Medicine Manchester (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions