Passmed revision Jan 2019 Flashcards
(45 cards)
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Chronic inflammation of synovial fluid
What is osteoarthritis?
Wear and tare
RF - age, obesity, family history, trauma, occupation
What features of arthralgia points towards rheumatoid Arthritis?
Female
Systemic or bilateral
Morning stiffness
Smaller joints - MCP, PIP
What test are useful with rheumatoid arthritis?
Rheumatoid factor
Anti-CCP autoantibodies
What is post thrombotic syndrome?
Venous insufficiency after a DVT. This includes various veins, heamosiderin deposits, pruritus, swelling etc.
What ECG changes are there for PE?
Sinus tachy - most common
RBBB and R axis deviation
S1Q3T3
What might be seen in systemic sclerosis?
Ryanuads phenomenon Pigmentation Scleroderma Tightening of the skin Morphea or linea plagues
What is CREST syndrome?
Subtype of systemic sclerosis: Calcinosis Raynaud's phenomenon oEsophageal dysmotility Sclerodactyly Talengesia
What medication can cause Hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia and hypercalcaemia?
Bendroflumethiazide
What is the most common cause of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome?
Rheumatoid arthritis
A patient has B12 and folic acid deficiency. How do you treat and and why?
B12 first until at normal levels and then folic acid. This stops folic acid exacerbating B12 deficiency and can precipitate subacute combined degeneration of the cord
What scoring system assess risk of developing pressure sores?
Waterlow score
What nerve does Saturday night palsy involve?
Radial nerve
What monitoring is needed for amiodarone?
CXR initially
TFT and LFT every 6 months
Name some common causes of nephritic syndrome?
Alports syndrome
Goodpastures syndrome
IgA nephropathy
Name some common causes of nephrotic syndrome?
Minimal change
Diabetic
Membraneous glomerulonephritis
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
What is the most common nephrotic syndrome?
Minimal change, most common in children
What type of renal disease is post-streptococcus glomerulonephritis?
Mixed nephrotic and nephritic syndrome
Kid fall and hit shoulder. After he finds it difficult to abduct fingers and adduct thumb. MLD?
T1 klumpke’s paralysis - traction causing T1 break leading to loss of function of intrinsic muscles of the hands
Patient has a blood on urine dip as well as coughing up blood. MLD?
Goodpastures syndrome (antibodies for glomeruli-basement membrane)
Patient has blood on urine dip as well as deafness. MLD?
Alports syndrome
How can haemophilia and VWD be differentiated on clotting screen?
Heamophilia has prolonged PT where as VWD has prolonged PT and APTT
Risk factors for MS?
smoking
Previous infective mononucleosis
Genetics
Hypovitaminosis D
Where would a tumour be for an anterior resection to be appropriate?
Proximal rectum - removal of the tumour is performed and then the anterior colon anastomoses with the abdominal wall and the posterior anastomoses with the lower rectum
