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BIOCHEM LEC FOR RBE > ENZYMES > Flashcards

ENZYMES Flashcards

1
Q

is a compound or BIOLOGICAL POLYMER, usually a protein, that acts as a CATALYST for a biochemical reaction

A

enzymes

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2
Q

enzymes that require a METAL ION COFACTOR are termed

A

metal-activated enzymes

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3
Q

for which metal ions serve as PROSTHETIC GROUPS

A

metalloenzymes

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4
Q

an enzyme that catalyzes an OXIDATION-REDUCTION reaction

A

oxidoreductase

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5
Q

“BROWNING REACTION” caused by PHENOLASE a conjugated enzyme in which copper is present

A

oxidoreductase

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6
Q

is an enzyme that catalyzes the TRANSER OF A FUNTIONAL GROUP other than hydrogen

A

transferases

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7
Q

is an enzyme that catalyzed a HYDROLYSIS REACTION in which the addition of a water molecule to a bond causes the bond to break

A

hydrolase

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8
Q

is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a group to a double bond or the REMOVAL OF A GROUP to form a double bond in a manner that does not involve hydrolysis

A

lyase

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9
Q

an enzyme that catalyzes the ISOMERIZATION converting it into a molecule isomeric with itself

A

isomerase

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10
Q

an enzyme that catalyzes the BONDING TOGETHER OF TWO MOLECULES INTO ONE with the participation of ATP.

A

ligase

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11
Q

the RELATIVELY SMALL PART of an enzyme’s structure that is involved in catalysis

A

enzyme active site

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12
Q

usually a CREVICELIKE location the enzyme

A

enzyme active site

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13
Q

the INTERMEDIATE REACTION SPECIES that is formed when the substrate bind to the active site of an enzyme

A

enzyme-substrate complex

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14
Q

only a substrate whose SHAPE AND CHEMICAL NATURE ARE COMPLEMENTARY to those of the active site can interact with the enzyme

A

lock-and-key model

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15
Q

is a result of the ENZYME’S FLEXIBILITY

A

induced-fit model

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16
Q

the extent to which an enzyme’s activity is RESTRICTED TO A SPECIFIC SUBSTRATE, a specific group of substrates, a SPECIFIC TYPE OF CHEMICAL BOND

A

enzyme specificity

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17
Q

enzyme will catalyze only ONE REACTION

A

absolute specificity

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18
Q

the enzyme will act only on molecules that have a SPECIFIC FUNCTIONAL GROUP

A

group specificity

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19
Q

the enzyme will act on a PARTICULAR TYPE OF CHEMICAL BOND

A

linkage specificity

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20
Q

some enzymes are specific to ONLY ONE ISOMER even if the compound is one type of molecule

A

stereochemical specificity

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21
Q

is a microorganism that THRIVES IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS

A

extremophile

22
Q

is a MICROBIOAL ENZYME ACTIVE at conditions that would inactivate human enzymes as well as enzymes present in other types of higher organisms

A

extremozyme

23
Q

optimal growth at pH levels of 3.0 OR BELOW

A

acidophiles

24
Q

optimal growth at pH levels of 9.0 OR ABOVE

A

alkaliphiles

25
Q

a SALINITY that exceeds 0.2 M NaCl needed for growth

A

halophiles

26
Q

a temperature between 80°C and 122°C needed to thrive

A

hypothermophiles

27
Q

a temperature of 15°C OR LOWER needed for growth

A

cryophiles

28
Q

a HIGH HYDROSTATIC pressure needed for growth

A

piezophiles

29
Q

a BACTERIUM that can function in the HIGHLY ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT of the stomach

A

H. pylori

30
Q

3 types of ENZYME INHIBITION

A

competitive, noncompetitive. irreversible enzyme inhibitor

31
Q

a molecule CLOSELY RESEMBLING THE SUBSTRATE, binds to the active site and temporarily prevents substrates

A

competitive enzyme inhibitor

32
Q

a MOLECULE THAT BINDS TO A SITE on an enzyme that is not the active site

A

noncompetitive enzyme inhibitor

33
Q

a MOLECULE THAT FORMS A COVALENT BOND to a part of the active site

A

irreversible enzyme inhibitor

34
Q

means “OTHER,” in greek

A

allo

35
Q

means SITE OR SPACE

A

stereos

36
Q

an enzyme WITH TWO OR MORE PROTEIN CHAINS and two kind of binding sites

A

allosteric enzymes

37
Q

substances that BIND AT REGUALTORY SITES of allosteric enzymes

A

regulators

38
Q

INCREASES ENZYME ACTIVITY; the shape of the active site is changed such hat it can more readily accept substrate

A

positive regulator

39
Q

DECREASES ENZYME ACTIVITY; changes to the active site are such that substrates is less readily accepted

A

negative regulator

40
Q

an enzyme that catalyzes the BREAKING OF PEPTIDE BONDS that maintain the primary structure of a protein

A

proteolytic enzyme

41
Q

is the INACTIVE PRECURSOR of a proteolytic enzyme

A

zymogen

42
Q

an enzyme that catalyzes the FORMATION OF PEPTIDE CROSS LINKS between polysaccharide strands in bacterial cell walls

A

transpeptidase

43
Q

an enzyme which PROTECTS BACTERIA from penicillin

A

penicillinase

44
Q

is an enzyme that is found primarily in SKELETAL AND CARDIAC MUSLCE and in smaller fractions in the brain

A

creatine kinase

45
Q

considered a SPECIFIC MARKER for liver disease

A

alanine aminotransferase

46
Q

for DIAGNOSIS of liver disease

A

aspartate aminotransferase

47
Q

an enzyme found in the LIVER, KIDNEY, AND PANCREAS

A

g-glutamyl transpeptidase

48
Q

enzyme involved in the INTERCONVERSION OF LACTATE AND PYRUVATE

A

lactate dehydrogenase

49
Q

enzyme that aids in the DIGESTION OF FAT.

A

lipase

50
Q

enzyme that aids in DIGESTION BY BREAKING DOWN complex carbohydrates into simple sugars

A

amylase

51
Q

a group of enzymes, which HYDROLYZE PHOSPHATE ESTERS at an alkaline pH

A

alkaline phosphates

52
Q

catalyze the hydrolysis of VARIOUS PHOSPHATE ESTERS at acidic pH

A

acid phosphate

BIOCHEM LEC FOR RBE (9 decks)

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