enzymes

Question 1

enzymes

Answer 1

• complex globular proteins
• biological catalysts that control speed of metabolic reactions
• found in all living organisms
• can be denatured by heat, pH or presence of heavy metals
• some enzymes are used by multiple organisms, some organisms have unique ones

Question 2

enzyme catalyzed reaction

Answer 2

can take place
- watery environment
- chemical and physical properties match
- correct orientation and energy for the reaction to start

collision of substrate and the active site of an enzyme
> binds & induced fit = triggers change in 3dimensional structure, enzyme weakens bonds within the substrate molecule (= transition stage) , reducing activation energy

> when done, substrate converted into products, theyre released, active site goes to normal and can bind to a new molecule

Question 3

effect of temperature on enzyme activity

Answer 3

when low, slow movement of molecules & low chance of collisions

when rises, rate of reaction increases

highest enzymatic activity at optimum temperature

when higher than that, denaturation

Question 4

pH on enzyme activity

Answer 4

each enzyme has optimum pH where rate of reaction is highest

extreme pH denature enzymes

changes in pH also affects the charges on amino acid molecules and may cause previously attracting molecules to no longer

Question 5

substrate concentration on rate of reaction

Answer 5

low - more enzyme molecules available and low rate

increase increases chances of collision and rate

halt when all active sites are occupied and substrates need to wait for available active sites

Vmax is the maximal rate

Question 6

denaturation

Answer 6

the alteration or destruction of the conformation and function of a protein which is usually irreversible

however, if temp/pH difference is small, might be still reversible and protein could fold back to its original and functional conformation