organelles and compartmentalization

Question 1

compartmentalization and advantages

Answer 1

the organization of different structures and functions within a cell that perform different functions, separated by plasma membranes (in eukaryotic cells)

• allows specialized cell structure development
• separates chemical reactions and other cellular processes - allowing increased rate of reactions

Question 2

not organelles

Answer 2

cytoskeleton (provides shape, allows movement of molecules)

cell wall (protects plant cell from stress and provides structural support)

cytoplasm (fills the cell, surrounds and protects organelles)

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

contains DNA and regulates genes through transcription

surrounded by a double membrane of which the outer is part of rough er

cytoplasm sends extracellular signals to nucleus to change gene expression through increased or decreased transcription

> the alteration of gene expression allows the cell to produce different proteins to adjust to different conditions

Question 4

function of lysosome

Answer 4

break down and recycle waste materials

Question 5

enzymes

Answer 5

biological catalysts that control speed of reactions

isolated in phagocytic vacuoles so they don’t damage other parts of the cell
> this also allows faster and more efficient rate of reaction as they are in high concentrations