photosynthesis

Question 1

light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis

Answer 1

photolysis
- occurs in thylakoids of chloroplasts
- water molecules split using light energy from photons (particle of light)
- hydrogen ions, electrons and oxygen are generated
> H is needed to convert CO2 to glucose later and it needs to be removed from the water
> electrons are used to generate ATP

Question 2

light-independent reaction of photosynthesis

Answer 2

carbon fixation
- conversion of inorganic carbon CO2 to organic: glucose
= co2 from air is combined with H using energy from ATP to generate glucose
- in stroma of chloroplasts

Question 3

the 3 pigments

Answer 3

chlorophyll
(reflects green light)
carotenoids
xanthophyll
(yellow and orange light reflection)

Question 4

paper chromatography

Answer 4

technique used to separate mixtures of substances based on the movement of different substances on piece of paper by capillary action

paper = stationary phase

the solvent used to develop the chromatogram = mobile phase

Question 5

thin layer chromatography

Answer 5

a method of separating mixtures of substances based on the movement of substances in silica gel, aluminum oxide or cellulose (stationary phase)

tends to give a better result than paper chromatography

Question 6

absorption spectrum

Answer 6

shows wavelengths of light absorbed by a particular pigment or substance

purple 400 +-
blue 420-550
green 550-650
red, yellow, orange 650-750

Question 7

what wavelengths of light do different pigments reflect
- chlorophyll
- carotenoid
- xanthophyll

Answer 7

chlorophyll blue and red
carotenoid blue and green, yellow
xanthophyll yellow

Question 8

action spectrum

Answer 8

shows the wavelengths of light absorbed by a particular pigment

Question 9

EM (electromagnetic) spectrum

Answer 9

the range of frequencies and wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation emitted from the sun

Question 10

factors that affect photosynthesis and how can be manipulated in lab conditions

Answer 10

temperature (water bath cools)
light intensity (moving light source further or closer)
co2 concentration (adding of sodium hydrogen carbonate to the water hydrating the plant)

Question 11

how to measure rate of photosynthesis

Answer 11

using a hydrogen carbonate indicator solution, it changes colors with the changes in co2 concentration