Epi Mix A 1-200 Flashcards
Veterinarians can cause iatrogenic infections.
T
Arthropod borne infections are direct infections
F
Arthropod born infections are indirect infections
T
Arthropods can be involved in indirect infections.
T
Venereal infections is a direct infection
T
In the case of iatrogenic infections the infective agents are transmitted by the veterinarian
T
Drinking water cannot transmit infective agents since it is hypoosmotic
F
In case of direct infection tissues of the infected animal are contacted with tissues of the host
T
In the case of aerogenic infection the agents are transmitted with air
T
Aerogenic infection is a form of direct infection
F
Infective agents cannot survive in the soil, so soil cannot be a source of infection
F
Direct infection happens when infected animals pass the infection with water
F
The arthropod is a true vector, if it brings the pathogen into a susceptible animal
F
The arthropod is a true vector, if the pathogen also replicates in the susceptible animal.
T
The arthropod is a true vector, if it propagates in the pathogen Should be if pathogen replicates in arthropod?
T
The arthropod is a true vector, if it can take the pathogen to a further distance
F
Infection cannot happen through water since bacteria and viruses are inactivated in water
F
Meat is never involved in transmission of infections since fermentation of meat kills agents
F
Some infective agents are transmitted with eggs
T
Germinative infection is more frequent in birds than in mammals
T
Germinative infection is very frequent in mammals
F
Germinative infection is seen in mammals
T
Mammals can infect their offspring through milk
T
New-born animals cannot be infected from the milk thanks to the colostral antibodies
F
Intrauterine infection happens if the foetus is infected during pregnancy from the dam
T
Vertical infection does not occur in mammals
F
Horizontally infections happen only in birds
F
Germinative infection is frequent in mammals, it will result in malformation of the foetuses
F
Galactogen infection cannot happen when the animals receive colostrum, since the antibodies in the colostrum prevent it
F
In the case of horizontal infection animals in the same group infect each other.
T
Intra uterine infection can occur in pregnant animals
T
Germinative infection can happen in birds.
T
Galactogen infection is a form of horizontal infections
F
If the dam infects newborn animals, we speak about horizontal infection
F
Germinative infection can occur mainly in mammals
F
In the case of galactogen infection the agent is transmitted by milk
T
In the case of horizontal infection the agent is spreading between animals of about the same age.
T
Horizontal infection does not occur in mammals.
F
Germinative infection does not occur in mammals
F
Galactogen infection does not occur in mammals
F
In germinative infection, the placenta is infected by the mother during pregnancy.
F
Germinative infection is a rare form of horizontal infection
F
In germinative infection, the newborn is infected through the milk
F
Zoonotic agents can cause disease in animals and humans
T
In the case of cyclozoonoses arthropods are responsible for maintaining the infections
F Cyclozoonoses require more than 1 vertebrate but no invertebrate host
If agents are passed from animals to humans, we speak about zoonosis
T
If humans infect animals we speak about metazoonoses.
F Metazoonoses require both a vertebrate and invertebrate as part of life cycle
Cyclozoonoses require an arthropod for transmission.
F
In the case of zoonotic diseases animals and humans can infect each other
T
In the case of saprozoonoses animals and humans are infected from the same source
T Requires both a vertebrate host and a nonanimal reservoir or developmental site for completion of its life cycle
In case of secondary infection, a bacterium infects an individual, which is already infected with a pathogen
T
In case of secondary infection, a new pathogen infects an already cured animal
F
In case of secondary infection, two pathogens infect the host simultaneously
F
In case of secondary infection, one of the agents is always a virus
F
Facultative pathogenic agents are helped by predisposing factors
T
Stenoxen agents have a wide host range
F
Euryxen agents have a wide host range
T
An euryxen agent can infect several host species
T
There is no minimum number of agents necessary to infection, because they can replicate in the host
F
Mutations generally result decrease of the virulence
T
Immunogenicity of the different agents is different
T
There is a minimum number of each agent that is necessary to infect animals
T
A minimum amount of bacteria or viruses is needed to a successful infection
T
Virulence of an agent can be characterized with its LD50 value
T
Pathogenicity means the ability of the agent to cause disease
T
Virulence means the level of pathogenicity
T
The amount of the agent does not influence the outcome of the infection, since it can replicate in the host
F
In the case of optimal way of infection the least amount of agent can cause disease.
T
The virulence of the agents is connected to virulence factors.
T
Virulence is a stable characteristic of an agent
F
The way of the infection (entrance of the agents) can influence its outcome
T
Virulence of a bacterium or virus can be changed spontaneously.
T
In case of a secondary infection the agent complicates a primary infection
T
Virulence of a bacterium or virus can be changed
T
The virulence factors help the agents in causing disease
T
Virulence variants can occur within a bacterium or virus species
T
Pathogenic variants can occur within a bacterium or virus species.
T
Species specific resistance can be overcome by increasing the number of agents
F
Within a pathogenic species no avirulent strains can occur
F
Foetuses can have active immune response
T
