Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Epi Mix > Epi Mix AA 5201-5400 > Flashcards

Epi Mix AA 5201-5400 Flashcards

1
Q

West-Nile fever practically is restricted to Africa

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The most important maintaining hosts of West Nile fever virus are water birds

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Clinical signs of West Nile fever are most frequently seen in birds, horses and humans.

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neurological signs develop only in a small percentage of the diseased animals

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

West Nile fever occurs worldwide

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vectors of West Nile fever virus are different mosquito species

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The host range of West Nile virus is very wide

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Humans are not susceptible to West Nile disease virus

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The sero-diagnostics of West Nile virus is complicated by cross-reactions with related flaviviruses

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The West Nile Virus is genetically uniform, but at least 15 serotypes are known

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of the West Nile Virus.

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The principal vectors of the West Nile Virus are midges

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

West Nile Virus mainly causes diarrhoea in sheep

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

West Nile Virus cannot be isolated in cell cultures

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

West Nile Virus is the only known zoonotic flavivirus

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The Japanese encephalitis virus causes abortion in swine

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The Wesselsbron disease causes meningoencephalitis in turkey

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The yellow fever virus causes liver damages

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The zika virus causes fever, rash and conjunctivitis in humans

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

BVDV can be frequently detected in the background of respiratory diseases

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

BVD virus is particularly resistant to disinfectants

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Rodents play a central role in the maintenance of BVD virus in the environment

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotypes of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) virus are known

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In utero infection with non-cytopathic BVDV can cause seropositivity of the newborn calf

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Non cytopathic strains of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause hydrocephalus and cerebellar hypoplasia

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

In utero infection with non cytopathic BVDV can cause immunotolerance

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

In utero infection with cytopathic BVDV strain results immunotolerant calves

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Swine are not susceptible to BVD

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Two serotypes of the BVD virus are known so far, serotype 2 is more virulent

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Pigs infected with BVDV turn seropositive to classical swine fever

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Persistently infected cattle can maintain BVDV in a farm

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Cytopathic strains of Bovine Viral diarrhoea (BVDV) alone can cause mucosal disease

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Non-cytopathic BVD virus strain can mutate and become cytopathic

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The BVD virus can infect pigs also

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Cytopathic strains of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause abortion

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Non cytopathic strains of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) do not cause transplacental infection

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Intrauterine BVD virus infection always causes abortion

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Cattle which are immune tolerant to BVD virus may develop mucosal disease

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

In sheep BVDV causes symptoms similar to border disease

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Mucosal disease can develop in cattle persistently infected with BVDV

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Non cytopathic strains of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause immunosuppression

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

BVDV can be transmitted by semen

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

BVD virus cannot be transmitted via artificial insemination

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

In mucosal disease sharp edged, usually round or oval ulcers can be observed on the oral mucosa

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

In mucosal disease haemorrhages can be observed under the serosal surfaces and in the kidney cortex

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Bloody diarrhoea is a clinical sign of the mucosal disease

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

BVD virus cannot be propagated in cell cultures

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Mucosal disease usually emerges in cattle farms as explosive outbreaks with high morbidity

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

BVD and mucosal disease are caused by the same viral species

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Attenuated vaccine strains against the bovine viral diarrhoea virus may have foetopathic effects

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Eradication programmes against the bovine viral diarrhoea virus are usually based on the selection of immunotolerant animals

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Eradication of BVD virus is based on the removal of immunotolerant animals

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

The only efficient way of BVD eradication is the replacement of all animals on the farm

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Two genotypes of the BVDV are known

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

BVDV forms one serotype, but there are significant antigenic differences between the strains

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Persistently infected animals play the major role in the maintenance and spread of BVDV

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

BVDV infection may cause immunosuppression

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is an immunopathy observed in immunotolerant, BVDV infected calves

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is caused by a bovine viral diarrhea

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

The BVD virus typically damages endothelial-, epithelial- and lymphatic tissues

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Wild birds are the natural hosts of the BVDV

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Environmental contamination does not play a role in the spread of the BVDV

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against BVD

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

The BVD virus genotype 2 is less virulent than genotype 1

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

BVD clinically is mostly seen in cattle from 6 to 24 months of age.

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

BVD virus can cause severe damage to fetuses in pregnant cows

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Only cattle is susceptible to BVD virus

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

BVD virus exists in several serotypes

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

BVD infection of pregnant cows can result in delivery of immunotolerant persistently infected calves

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Bulls can shed BVD virus for long time in semen, without showing any clinical sign

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Both attenuated live and inactivated vaccines are used in eradication of BVD

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

BVDV is practically sensitive to disinfectants

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhoea cannot be transmitted with AI

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Mucosal Disease, only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against BVD

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Cytopathic BVDV strains cause mucosal disease in immune-tolerant calves

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Because Europe is free from BVD, it is forbidden to use vaccines against it

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Because IBDV is an immunosuppressive virus, no vaccines available against it

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

The Border disease virus causes pneumonia in sheep

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

The border disease is present only in the United Kingdom

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

The border disease virus frequently causes encephalitis in ewes

A

f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Goats can be infected with border disease

A

t

82
Q

Border disease in most frequently seen in horses

A

f

83
Q

In utero border disease virus infection may cause immunotolerance

A

t

84
Q

The Border disease is a haemorrhagic, respiratory syndrome in sheep

A

f

85
Q

Border disease of sheep is mainly characterized by foetal damages

A

t

86
Q

Border disease appears as foetal damage in pregnant ewes

A

t

87
Q

Border disease is a respiratory and enteric disease of lambs

A

f

88
Q

Border disease occurs in Hungary

A

t

89
Q

Border disease causes abortion in ewes

A

t

90
Q

Border disease of sheep can be controlled by screening for carriers

A

t

91
Q

Haemorrhagic enteritis is a characteristic pathological lesion of Classical swine fever

A

t

92
Q

Classical Swine Fever is frequently complicated with bacterial infections

A

t

93
Q

Classical swine fever virus can be transmitted by raw pork products

A

t

94
Q

Classical swine fever virus can retain its infectivity for 6 months in frozen meat

A

t

95
Q

The CSFV may survive in frozen meat for months

A

t

96
Q

During necropsy enlarged bloody lymph nodes can be seen in Classical swine fever cases

A

t

97
Q

Because of endothelial damage Classical swine fever results in haemorrhages

A

t

98
Q

In acute Classical swine fever, at the beginning obstipation, later diarrhoea can be observed

A

t

99
Q

Classical swine fever targets the bone marrow stem cells

A

t

100
Q

Erysipelas and Porcine circovirus 2 infections may cause clinical signs and pathology lesions similar to CSF

A

t

101
Q

Weakness of the hind legs and ataxia are clinical signs of Classical Swine Fever

A

t

102
Q

Ischaemic infarcts at the edges of the spleen are postmortem lesions of subacute Classical Swine Fever

A

t

103
Q

The boutons in the intestines are characteristic lesions in subacute Classical Swine Fever

A

t

104
Q

Kidney haemorrhage is a characteristic lesion of Classical Swine Fever

A

t

105
Q

Hemorrhages are the most typical lesions of acute CSF

A

t

106
Q

During necropsy of acute Classical swine fever cases, haemorrhages can be seen in the gastric mucosa

A

t

107
Q

Among Classical Swine Fever clinical signs CNS and eye problems can be observed

A

t

108
Q

The CSFV causes central nervous signs only in suckling piglets

A

f

109
Q

Classical swine fever infection during the first half of pregnancy results in the birth of immunotolerant piglets

A

t

110
Q

CSF infection during the first of half of pregnancy can lead to abortion

A

t

111
Q

Classical swine fever infection in the second half of the pregnancy leads to foetal development problems

A

f

112
Q

Shedding of Classical swine fever virus starts 1 week after the infection

A

f

113
Q

The shedding of CSFV begins 1-2 days after the appearance of clinical signs

A

t

114
Q

The domestic swine population of most European countries are free from CSF

A

t

115
Q

Classical swine fever causes oronasal infection

A

t

116
Q

Classical swine fever can be transmitted by mating

A

t

117
Q

CSF can cause transplacental infections

A

t

118
Q

CSFV may case reproductive disorders

A

t

119
Q

Classical swine fever targets lymphatic tissues

A

t

120
Q

CSF infections result in thrombocytopenia

A

t

121
Q

Clinical signs of Classical Swine fever are mainly seen in 6-12 week old piglets in vaccinated herds

A

t

122
Q

Classical swine fever infection during the first half of pregnancy can lead to abortion

A

t

123
Q

Wild boars play the main role in the maintenance of CSF virus in endemic areas

A

t

124
Q

Wild boar may play a role in the maintenance and spread of CSFV

A

t

125
Q

In Europe it is obligatory to vaccinate against Classical swine fever

A

f

126
Q

In acute Classical swine fever skin haemorrhages and bloody nasal discharge can be observed

A

t

127
Q

Normal sized spleen can be observed in uncomplicated cases of subacute Classical swine fever

A

t

128
Q

Classical swine fever infection results in immunosuppression

A

t

129
Q

All wild type strains of classical swine fever virus are highly virulent

A

f

130
Q

Six distinct serotypes of CSF virus are recognized so far

A

f

131
Q

CSF virus is an arbovirus

A

f

132
Q

CSF virus is a zoonotic agent

A

f

133
Q

Pigs shed CSF virus only during the clinical stage of the disease

A

f

134
Q

Central nervous signs might be seen in classical swine fever

A

t

135
Q

Based on pathology and clinical signs, chronic classical swine fever is easy to diagnose

A

f

136
Q

Fomites do not play a role in the transmission of the Classical Swine Fever Virus

A

f

137
Q

Swine shed CSFV only in the terminal phase of the disease

A

f

138
Q

Europe is free from CSFV

A

f

139
Q

Classical Swine Fever is always an acute disease with high mortality in wild boars

A

f

140
Q

The large intestine are the earliest lesions in Classical Swine Fever

A

f

141
Q

The diagnosis of Classical Swine Fever is based on paired serum investigations

A

f

142
Q

Porcine circovirus 2 may cause lesions similar to Classical Swine Fever

A

t

143
Q

Low virulence strains of CSFV may cause reproductive problems

A

t

144
Q

CSFV may damage the lymphatic tissues and blood vessel endothelial cells

A

t

145
Q

Swine can shed CSFV in the incubation period

A

t

146
Q

Skin suffusions and haemorrhages are signs of Classical Swine Fever

A

t

147
Q

Skin suffusions and haemorrhages are signs of Classical Swine Fever.

A

t

148
Q

The clinical signs of African Swine Fever and Classical Swine Fever are very different

A

f

149
Q

Contaminated pork meat can play a role in the transmission of CSFV.

A

t

150
Q

Attenuated vaccines are developed for immunization of swine against CSFV

A

t

151
Q

All known strains of the Classical Swine Fever virus are of highly virulence

A

f

152
Q

The Classical Swine Fever may appear in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic swine

A

t

153
Q

Classical swine fever virus is shed with faces, when boutons appear in the intestines

A

f

154
Q

Classical swine fever can be eradicated from wild boar populations by oral vaccination

A

f

155
Q

Classical swine fever virus is rarely complicated by secondary infections

A

f

156
Q

Classical swine fever can be diagnosed easily by the characteristic symptoms and lesions

A

f

157
Q

Acute classical swine fever can cause haemorrhagic pneumonia

A

t

158
Q

Classical swine fever virus doesn’t induce neutralizing antibody production

A

f

159
Q

Classical swine fever virus is inactivated in chilled meat at -20°C

A

f

160
Q

Classical swine fever virus can cause immunotolerance in swine

A

t

161
Q

Only DIVA vaccines should be used to prevent classical swine fever in swine stocks

A

f

162
Q

Classical swine fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in pigs

A

t

163
Q

Classical swine fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in carnivores

A

f

164
Q

Classical swine fever Virus spreads slowly in the host and causes mainly chronic disease

A

f

165
Q

Complicated forms of the Classical swine fever are rarely seen

A

f

166
Q

Classical swine fever can unambiguously diagnosed by the clinical signs and pathology

A

f

167
Q

Low virulence strains of CSFV may lead to asymptomatic infection

A

t

168
Q

CSF is spread via infected pigs

A

t

169
Q

Sows infected by CSF will have immunotolerant piglets

A

(In first half of pregnancy yes but not in second half… so T and F)

170
Q

Piglets of sows vaccinated against CSF are vaccinated at 6-12 months

A

f

171
Q

To prevent CSF, we vaccinate pigs older than 6 months of age with live vaccine

A

f

172
Q

To prevent CSF we use inactivated vaccines made from the Chinese strain

A

f

173
Q

Shedding may start 2-3 days after first clinical signs

A

f

174
Q

CSF can be prevented by inactivated vaccines

A

f

175
Q

CSF can hardly be distinguished from African swine fever

A

t

176
Q

CSF always causes abortion in pigs

A

f

177
Q

Hungary does not have to make any preventative action against CSF

A

f

178
Q

Incubation of CSF is 8-22 days

A

t

179
Q

CSF was first written about in USA

A

t

180
Q

First symptom of CSF is drooping ears

A

f

181
Q

CSF virus has good resistance

A

t

182
Q

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes

A

f

183
Q

The presence of CSFV in a herd does not influence reproduction parameters

A

f

184
Q

CSF is frequently complicated with bacterial infections

A

t

185
Q

The clinical signs of CSF and ASF are similar

A

t

186
Q

Central nervous signs are never seen in CSF

A

f

187
Q

Serological cross reactions my occur between BVD virus and CSFV

A

t

188
Q

Only inactivated vaccines are available against CSFV

A

?

189
Q

CSF is a disease of domestic swine and wild boars, but several other species are also suceptible

A

f

190
Q

Only domestic swine and wild boars are susceptible to CSF

A

t

191
Q

Fever, anorexia haemorrhages in the skin and weakness of the hind legs are the most important signs of CSF

A

T

192
Q

For prevention of CSF state medical steps and vaccination are used in Europe

A

f

193
Q

The CSFV typically damages endothelial- and lymphatic tissues

A

t

194
Q

In Europe vaccination of domestic pigs against Classical swine fever is common

A

f

195
Q

Classical swine fever is a notifiable disease in Europe

A

t

196
Q

In Europe vaccination of domestic swine populations against CSF is compulsory

A

f

197
Q

Classical swine fever virus strains are classified into several serotypes

A

f

198
Q

In subacute CSF we can observe signs of pneumonia during necropsies

A

t

199
Q

Orbiviruses spread by droplet (aerosol) infection

A

f

200
Q

Orbiviruses can be cultivated in vivo by inoculation of embryonated eggs

A

t

Epi Mix (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions