Essential words - Deck 2 Flashcards
(200 cards)
1
Q
Evoke
ɪˈvoʊk
A
to bring to mind
The photographs evoked strong memories of our holidays in France.
2
Q
n.
Image
ˈɪmɪdʒ
A
a mental picture
3
Q
Sway
sweɪ
A
to move back and forth
4
Q
Benefit
ˈbenɪəfɪt
A
the use; advantage of
5
Q
Stereotype
ˈsteriətaɪp,
A
a fixed idea people have, especially one that is wrong
6
Q
Tradition
trəˈdɪʃən
A
the custom or belief of a group of people
7
Q
n.
Altar
ˈɒːltər
A
a table or similar structure for religious ceremonies
a crucifix above the high altar (=the main altar in a church)
8
Q
Accompany
əˈkʌmpəni
A
to go with; happen at the same time
Children under 14 must be accompanied by an adult.
9
Q
Ritual
ˈrɪtʃuəl
A
footnote
a set of actions used as part of a ceremony
The lady performs the sacred ritual of lighting candle
10
Q
Evidence
ˈevɪədəns
A
signs; proof something is or is not true
11
Q
Discourage
dɪsˈkɜːrɪdʒ
A
to try to stop or prevent something
attempts to discourage illegal immigration
12
Q
v.
Revive
rɪˈvaɪv
A
to bring back to life
Local people have decided to revive this centuries-old tradition.
13
Q
n.
Reign
reɪn
A
the period of time that a king or queen is in power
the reign of James I
14
Q
Celebration
ˌselɪəˈbreɪʃən
A
a social event to mark a special day or occasion
I think this is a cause for celebration.
15
Q
n.
Influence
ˈɪnfluəns
A
an effect; power
As a scientist, his influence was immense.
16
Q
adj.
Energitic
ˌenərˈdʒetɪk◂
A
having a lot of energy
17
Q
Graceful
ˈgreɪsfəl
A
having beauty of movement
Her movements were graceful and elegant.
18
Q
adj.
Elaborate
ɪˈlæbərɪət
A
having a lot of detail and decoration
a very elaborate telecommunications network
19
Q
Floral
ˈflɔːrəl
A
relatted to flowers
There were floral tributes from his colleagues.
20
Q
Garland
ˈgɑːrlənd
A
a decorative rope of flowers or leaves
21
Q
Gesture
ˈdʒestʃər
A
a movement to express a feeling or idea
Luke made an obscene gesture with his finger.
22
Q
Portray
pɔːˈtreɪ
A
to represent; act out
SYN: Depict
Religion was portrayed in a negative way.
23
Q
n.
Prop
prɑːp
A
a small object such as a book, weapon etc, used by actors in a play or film
24
Q
Culminate
ˈkʌlmɪəneɪt
A
to result in; end with
به حد اعلی رسیدن
A series of events for teachers and students will culminate in a Shakespeare festival next year.
25
Renowned
| rɪˈnaʊnd
famous
| He’s renowned as a brilliant speaker.
26
Prominent
| ˈprɒ:mɪənənt
important; major
| The World Cup will have a **prominent place** on the agenda.
27
Emerge
| ɪˈmɜːrdʒ
to apear; develop
| Later **it emerged that** the judge had employed an illegal immigrant.
28
Illusion
| ɪˈluːʒən
appearance of being real; false impression
| She wa**s under no illusion that** he loved her.
29
Reminiscent
| ˌremɪəˈnɪsənt
similar to; reminding of something
##footnote
a style **strongly reminiscent** of Virginia Woolf’s novels
30
Considerably
| kənˈsɪdərəbli
a great deal; noticeably
31
Atmosphere
| ˈætməsfɪr
the feeling of a place
32
Merge
| mɜːrdʒ
to combine
33
Abstract
| ˈæbstrækt
not concrete; related to ideas or feelings
34
Literal
| ˈlɪtərəl
following the exact meaning
35
Conflict
| ˈkɒ:nflɪkt
difficulty; opposition
36
Humorous
| ˈhjuːmərəs
funny; entertaining
37
Exaggerated
| ɪgˈzædʒəreɪtɪəd
made to seem more or bigger
##footnote
The revenue figures may be **slightly exaggerated**.
38
Sharpen sth ↔ up
| ˈʃɑːrpən
to improve; perfect
| The course will help students sharpen their writing skills.
39
Effectively
| ɪˈfektɪvli
well; successfully
40
Frailty
| ˈfreɪlti
weakness
| the frailty of her thin body
41
Shortage
| ˈʃɔːrtɪdʒ
a situation where there is not enough of sth
42
# v.
Cripple
| ˈkrɪpəl
فلج کردن
to cause serious damage; weaken
| Industry is being crippled by high interest rates.
43
Complex
| kɑːmˈpleks◂
not simple
44
Vacancy
| ˈveɪkənsi
a position or job that needs to be filled
45
# adv.
Abroad
| əˈbrɒːd
in a foreign country
46
Standpoint
| ˈstændpɔɪnt
point of view
##footnote
a discussion of marriage **from the standpoint of** women
47
Lure
| lʊr
to attract
| The bank launched an advertising campaign to lure back its traditional c
48
Primary
| ˈpraɪmeri
main; most important
49
Decline
| dɪˈklaɪn
to gradually go lower; become smaller
50
Estimate
| ˈestɪəmɪət
to guess based on information
51
Bulk
| bʌlk
the largest part
52
Rudimentary
| ˌruːdɪəˈmentəri◂
ناقص، بدوی، ناقص
basic; not well developed
**OPP: Sophisticated**
| Gradually, I acquired a rudimentary knowledge of music.
53
Epidemic
| ˌepɪəˈdemɪk◂
rapid spread of a disease
54
Rampant
| ˈræmpənt
لجام گسیخته
spreading out of control
##footnote
Iran's economy suffered from a **rampant inflation**
55
Administer
| formal
to give medicine or medical treatment
##footnote
This unit teaches students how to **administer first aid**.
56
# v.
Stem
| stem
## Footnote
formal
to stop the flow of a liquid:
| A tight bandage should stem the bleeding.
57
# n.
Supply
| səˈplaɪ
the total amout available
58
Decade
| deˈkeɪd
a period of ten years
59
Qualified
| ˈkwɒ:lɪəfaɪd
skilled; able to do a job
60
Retain
| rɪˈteɪn
to keep
| You have the right to retain possession of the goods.
61
# adj.
Aerobic
| eˈroʊbɪk
relating to energitic exercise
62
Mood
| mood lightens
a feeling; a state of mind
## Footnote
Collocations:
mood lightens: If an atmosphere lightens or a mood lightens, it becomes more relaxed or cheerful than it was.
63
Cognition
| kɒ:gˈnɪʃən
the use of mental process
| the regions of the brain that are responsible for memory and cognition
64
Disorder
| dɪsˈɔːdər
a disease or illness
65
Stimulate
| ˈstɪmjʊəleɪt
to cause a response
**OPP: Suppess**
| Light stimulates plant growth.
66
Regulate
| ˈregjʊəleɪt
to control
67
Rodent
| ˈroʊdənt
the group of small animals that includes mice and rats
68
# n.
Concentration
| ˌkɒnsənˈtreɪʃən
a large amount of something in a particular place or among particular people
| the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
69
Dementia
| dɪˈmenʃiə
an illness that affects the brain and memory, and makes you gradually lose the ability to think and behave normally
70
Spatial
| ˈspeɪʃəl
relating to the position, size, shape etc of things
71
Stave off
| steiv
to keep someone or something from reaching you or affecting you for a period of time
جلوگیری کردن
##footnote
She brought some fruit on the journey to **stave off hunger**.
72
Gravity
| ˈgrævɪəti
## Footnote
formal
the extreme and worrying seriousness of a situation
| I could not hide from her the gravity of the situation.
73
Capacity
| kəˈpæsɪəti
the amount or quantity that sth can hold
74
Deteriration
| dɪˌtɪrɪˈreɪʃən
the process of becomming worse
## Footnote
uncountable
75
Diagnose
| ˈdaɪəgnəʊz
to identify an illness
76
Indicate
| ˈɪndɪəkeɪt
to show
77
Counteract
| ˌkaʊntərˈækt
to work against
| They gave him drugs to counteract his withdrawal symptoms.
78
Link
| lɪŋk
connection
79
Impaired
| ɪmˈperd
damaged or weakend
| impaired vision
80
Previously
| ˈpriːviəsli
before
81
Theoretical
| θɪə:ˈretɪkəl
abstract; based on theory
82
Investigation
| ɪnˌvestɪˈgeɪʃən
a study
83
Fraction
| ˈfrækʃən
a small part
84
Manufacture
| ˌmænjʊəˈfæktʃə
to produce
85
Target
86
Culture
| ˈkʌltʃə
organic materials grown in a labratory situation
| **tissue cultures**
87
Desirable
| dɪˈzaɪrəbəl
wanted; worth having
88
Enhance
| ɪnˈhæns
to improve
| The publicity has **enhanced** his **reputation**.
89
Outcome
| ˈaʊtkʌm
result
90
Absorb
| əbˈzɔːrb
to take in
91
Toxic
| ˈtɒ:ksɪk
poisonous
92
Deem
| diːm
to believe; judge
**SYN: Consider**
| They deemed that he was no longer capable of managing the business.
93
# v.
Recur
| rɪˈkɜːr
to happen or occur again
| Love is a **recurring theme** in the book.
94
Chronic
| ˈkrɒ:nɪk
long-lasting
95
Ascertain
| ˌæsərˈteɪn
مشخص کردن
to determine; find out
**SYN: Establish**
| A postmortem was ordered to try to ascertain the cause of death.
96
Combat
| ˈkɒ:mbæt
to fight against
97
Monitor
| ˈmɑːnɪətər
to watch; observe
98
Interval
| ˈɪntərvəl
the period between two times or events
99
Alleviate
| əˈliːvieɪt
to lessen; ease
| a new medicine to alleviate the symptoms of flu
100
Substance
| ˈsʌbstəns
material
101
Imagination
| ɪˌmædʒɪəˈneɪʃən
the ability to think creatively or form pictures in the mind
102
Archeologist
| ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒist
a person who studies ancient cultures
103
Native
| ˈneɪtɪv
original to a place
104
Site
| saɪt
place
105
Ceremonial
| ˌserɪəˈmoʊniəl◂
related to traditional or formal practices
| Native American ceremonial robes
## Footnote
تشریفاتی
106
Construct
| kənˈstrʌkt
to build
107
Precisely
| prɪˈsaɪsli
exactly
| Temperature can be measured precisely.
## Footnote
Formal: ‘It needs to be dealt with now.’ ‘Precisely, before it gets any worse.’
108
Spectacular
| spekˈtækjʊələr
wonderful to see
| a mountainous area with spectacular scenery
109
Mystery
| ˈmɪstəri
sth strange, unknown, or difficult to understand
| Twenty years after the event, his death **remains a mystery**.
110
Draw
| drɒː
to attract; pull
| The festival is likely to **draw** huge **crowds**.
111
Adventurous
| ədˈventʃərəs
daring; willing to try new or dangerous activities
112
Network
| ˈnetwɜːrk
a system of various parts that work together
113
# n.
Marvel
| ˈmɑːrvəl
a wonderful thing
**SYN: Miracle**
| an engineering marvel
114
# v.
Institute
| ˈɪnstɪətuːt
اقدام کردن
to begin
| We had no choice but to institute court proceedings against the airline.
115
Restriction
| rɪˈstrɪkʃən
an official limit on sth
116
Preserve
| prɪˈzɜːrv
to protect; save
## Footnote
We must encourage the planting of new trees and preserve our existing woodlands.
117
Pertain to sth
| pəˈteɪn
be related to sth
| legislation pertaining to employment rights
118
Luxury
| ˈlʌkʃəri
something expensive that you do not need, but you buy for pleasure and enjoyment
**OPP: Necessity**
119
Accessible
| əkˈsesɪəbəl
reachable; easy to get
OPP: Inaccessible
120
Upside
| ˈʌpsaɪd
advantage; good part
OPP: Downside
| The upside of the whole thing is that we got a free trip to Jamaica.
121
Concept
| ˈkɒ:nsept
idea
122
Publicity
| pʌˈblɪsɪəti
activity that makes smth known to the public
123
Practice
| ˈpræktɪəs
a custom; method
124
Injure
| ˈɪndʒər
to hurt
125
Strive
| straɪv
to work very hard to do sth
| I was still striving to be successful.
126
Avoid
| əˈvɔɪd
to prevent from happening; stay away from
127
Category
| ˈkætɪəgɔːri
a group of things that have sth in common
128
Destination
| ˌdestɪəˈneɪʃən
the place sb or sth is going to
129
Volunteer
| vɑːlənˈtɪr
to work for no pay; freely offer to do sth
130
Wilderness
| ˈwɪldənɪəs
natural region away from towns and cities
| the Alaskan wilderness
131
Accommodations
| əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃənz
a place to stay such as a hotel
132
Recycling
| riːˈsaɪklɪŋ
collection and treatment of trash for reuse
133
Barrier
| ˈbæriər
sth that **blocks** or **separates**
134
Culprit
| ˈkʌlprɪət
guilty party; origin of a problem
| Police finally managed to catch the culprit.
135
Dump
| dʌmp
to get rid of garbage and trash
136
Delicate
| ˈdelɪkɪət
easily hurt or broken
**SYN: Fragile**
137
Pleasure
| ˈpleʒər
enjoyment
138
Remote
| rɪˈmoʊt
far away
139
# adj.
Wary
| ˈweri
not completely trusting
| I’m a bit wary of driving in this fog.
## Footnote
**Keep a wary eye on** the weather before you set sail.
140
Principle
| ˈprɪnsɪəpəl
rule; basic idea behind a system
141
Ongoing
| ˈɑːnˌgoʊɪŋ
continuing
142
Survey
| ˈsɜːrveɪ
a study of opinions in a sample of the population
143
Endeavo(u)r
| ɪnˈdevər
an attempt to do something new or difficult
| They **made every endeavour** to find the two boys.
144
# v.
Sponsor
| spɑːnsər
to organize and be responsible for
145
Hone
| hoʊn
to sharpen; improve
| He set about **honing** his **skills** as a draughtsman.
146
Supervision
| ˌsuːpərˈvɪʒən
direction; assistance
147
Breeze
| briːz
light wind
| flowers waving in the breeze
148
Colorful
| ˈkʌlərfəl
interesting and unusual
| Charlie Chaplin had a long and colorful career.
149
Cuisine
| kwɪˈziːn
style of cooking
| * French cuisine
* the traditional cuisine of the Southwest
150
Ingredient
| ɪnˈgriːdiənt
an item in a recipe
151
Acquire
| əˈkwaɪr
to learn sth or get sth
152
Enroll
| ɪnˈroʊl
to sign up for a class
153
Residential
| ˌrezɪəˈdenʃəl◂
with living accomodations, related to housing
154
Content
| ˈkɒ:ntent
subject matter
155
Economical
| iːkəˈnɒ:mɪkəl
inexpensive
156
Resort
| rɪˈzɔːrt
a vacation place
157
Costly
| ˈkɒːstli
expensive
158
Broad
| brɒːd
wide or large
159
Taste
| teɪst
preference
160
Budget
| ˈbʌdʒɪət
a plan for spending money
161
Particular
| pərˈtɪkjʊələr
Specific
162
Motivation
| ˌmoʊtɪəˈveɪʃən
reason for doing sth
163
Characteristic
| ˌkærɪəktəˈrɪstɪk◂
feature; quality
| a baby discovering the physical characteristics of objects
164
Niche
165
Compete
| kəmˈpiːt
to do as well as or better that others
166
Product
| ˈprɒ:dʌkt
sth that is made
167
Unique
| juːˈniːk
special; different from all others
168
Personalized
| ˈpɜːsənəlaɪzd
made or done especially for a certain person
169
Edge
| edʒ
an advantage
170
Reputation
| ˌrepjʊəˈteɪʃən
the general opinion about sth or sb
171
Vital
| ˈvaɪtl
very important; necessary for success
SYN: Crucial
| The work she does is **absolutely vital.**
172
Potential
| pəˈtenʃəl
possible
173
# adj.
Sound
| saʊnd
healthy; without financial risk
| **a sound investment**: Property is usually a sound investment.
174
Profit
| ˈprɒfɪət
money earned after paying costs
175
# v.
Project
| ˈprɒ:dʒekt
to estimate; calculate a future amount
176
Afloat
| əˈfloʊt
having enough money to pay what you owe
| The Treasury borrowed £40 billion, just to stay afloat.
177
Financial
| faɪˈnænʃəl
related to money
178
Inevitably
| ɪˈnevɪətəbli
certainly; to be expected
به ناچار
| The decision will inevitably lead to political tensions.
179
Tip
| tip
a piece of advice
180
Initial
| ɪˈnɪʃəl
first; beginning
181
Conglomerate
| kənˈglɒmərɪət
large company that owns smaller companies
| Hezardastan conglomerate
182
Fleeting
| ˈfliːtɪŋ
brief; ending quickly
| Carol was paying a fleeting visit to Paris.
183
Brand
| brænd
company name for a product
184
Bond
| bɑːnd
connection
185
Reverse
| rɪˈvɜːrs
to turn around; changing to its opposite
| More changes are required to reverse the trend towards centralised power
186
Consistently
| kənˈsɪstəntli
regularly; always
187
Passion
| ˈpæʃən
a strong feeling or interest in
188
Convince
| kənˈvɪns
to get sb to do or believe sth
189
Staple
| ˈsteɪpəl
a basic household item
190
Endorsment
| ɪnˈdɔːrsment
public support for sth
| The Prime Minister is unlikely to endorse this view.
191
# n.
Status
| ˈstætəs
social position
| Doctors have traditionally enjoyed high **social status**.
192
Ignore
| ɪgˈnɔːr
to not pay attention to
193
Outperform
| ˌaʊtpəˈfɔːrm
perform better than
194
Loyalty
| ˈlɔɪəlti
faithfulness; belief in sth
195
Phenomenon
| fɪˈnɑːmɪənɑːn
Edit me
| Homelessness is not a **new phenomenon**.
196
Prevail
| prɪˈveɪl
غالب شدن
to be common among certain groups; be stronger
| the economic conditions which prevail in England and Wales
197
# adj.
Burgeoning
| ˈbɜːdʒənin
growing
| the burgeoning market for digital cameras
198
Promote
| prəˈmoʊt
to advertise
199
Thirst
| θɜːrst
a strong desire for sth
| the thirst for knowledge in Renaissance Italy
200
Selective
| sɪəˈlektɪv
internationally choosing some things and not others
