Essential Words - Unessential 1 Flashcards

Question

Superficial | ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃəl◂

Answer 1

not studying or looking at something carefully and only seeing the most noticeable things ## Footnote Naturally, such visits can allow only the most superficial understanding of prison life.

Answer 2

based on the belief that everyone is equal and should have equal rights | an egalitarian society

Answer 3

publicly or formally

Answer 4

if fighting, violence, noise etc erupts, it starts suddenly ## Footnote Violence erupted after police shot a student during the demonstration.

Answer 5

very important or greatly respected

Answer 6

to build or use a nest | They say eagles used to nest in those rocks.

Answer 7

a large mass of land surrounded by sea

Answer 8

near the equator | equatorial rain forests

Answer 9

relating to the most northern part of the world | the Arctic island of Novaya Zemlya

Answer 10

the very cold most southern part of the world

Answer 11

always righ | He passes the ball with unerring accuracy

Answer 12

an innate quality or ability is something you are born with | Children have an innate ability to learn language.

Answer 13

an action or event that is a signal for something else to happen

Answer 14

to disagree with something, especially by saying that the opposite is true | The article _flatly_ contradicts their claims.

Answer 15

a hill made of sand near the sea or in the desert

Answer 16

a place with water and trees in a desert | The park was an oasis of peace.

Answer 17

extremely hot | the scorching desert heat

Answer 18

مکانیسم مقابله

Answer 19

if something such as a door, wooden floor, old bed, or stair creaks, it makes a long high noise when someone opens it, walks on it, sits on it etc | The door creaked open.

Answer 20

to think very carefully about something that you are doing➔ concentration | Be quiet – let me concentrate on my homework.

Answer 21

to think very carefully about something that you are doing➔ concentration | Be quiet – let me concentrate on my homework.

Answer 22

to keep something or continue to have something | You have the right to retain possession of the goods.

Answer 23

periods of 1,000 years

Answer 24

a vehicle with two wheels pulled by a horse, used in ancient times in battles and races

Answer 25

a king or queen

Answer 26

Ancient standup comedian

Answer 27

connected with the Middle Ages

Answer 28

a dangerous action that is done to entertain people, especially in a film | Not many actors **do** their own **stunts**.

Answer 29

a public celebration when musical bands, brightly decorated vehicles etc move down the street

Answer 30

humorous acting in which the performers fall over, throw things at each other etc:

Answer 31

the ability or tendency to think that things are funny | I'm afraid my dad doesn't have a very good sense of humour.

Answer 32

to hit your foot against something or put your foot down awkwardly while you are walking or running, so that you almost fall | Istanbul drunk telo telo

Answer 33

a false idea or belief, especially one that a lot of people believe is true | It’s a common fallacy that a neutered dog will become fat and lazy.

Answer 34

not serious, important, or valuable: | We were punished for the most trivial offences.

Answer 35

become free | She broke free from her attacker.

Answer 36

a robust person is strong and healthy | a robust man of six feet four

Answer 37

شدت severe problems, injuries, illnesses etc are very bad or very serious | We didn’t realize the severity of her illness.

Answer 38

انتقاد | Gallins lashed back at those who accused him of corruption.

Answer 39

کوشا someone who is diligent works hard and is careful and thorough

Answer 40

a very loud noise made by a large group of people or animals: | He shouted over the rising clamour of voices.

Answer 41

to get the main ideas or facts from a much larger amount of information | The notes I had brought back were waiting to be distilled into a book.

Answer 42

a problem that delays or prevents progress, or makes things worse than they were: ## Footnote The team’s hopes of playing in Europe **suffered** a **setback** last night.

Answer 43

quickly, perhaps too quickly | Racing hastly through calculations on paper, or worse, in my head

Answer 44

something that is the direct result of something else | Is social inequality the inevitable corollary of economic freedom?

Answer 45

more important than anything else | Women’s role as mothers is of paramount importance to society.

Answer 46

if a train derails or something derails it, it goes off the tracks

Answer 47

a smaller enclosed space inside something larger | The bag is divided into separate compartments.

Answer 48

very strange and difficult to explain: | an uncanny coincidence

Answer 49

the fact of being completely involved in something you are doing | my immersion in black music and culture

Answer 50

The power or act of making statements about what will happen in the future | self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 51

to find the meaning of something that is difficult to read or understand | She studied the envelope, trying to decipher the handwriting.

Answer 52

difficult or impossible to read | His handwriting is totally illegible.

Answer 53

happening or done in a way that is not planned or organized: | I continued my studies in a rather haphazard way.

Answer 54

a place that is a long way from the nearest town

Answer 55

it does not exist in society any more | an extinct species

Answer 56

to do very well in an examination, a piece of written work etc | I aced the History test.

Answer 57

خدایی تابلو a flagrant action is shocking because it is done in a way that is easily noticed and shows no respect for laws, truth etc | a **flagrant disregard** for the law

Answer 58

استحکام Strength | Winnie is a woman of quiet fortitude who has endured a lot of suffering

Answer 59

someone, especially a woman, who is seductive is sexually attractive | She used all of her seductive charm to try and persuade him.

Answer 60

a doctor’s opinion of how an illness or disease will develop | Doctors said Blake’s long-term prognosis is good.

Answer 61

Die | it's an idiom

Answer 62

to shake slightly because you are cold or frightened | Jake stood shivering in the cold air. ## Footnote She shivered with fear and anger.

Answer 63

interesting and exciting: | a thrilling 3–2 victory

Answer 64

irregular and violent movements of air or water that are caused by the wind | A period of political turbulence followed the civil war.

Answer 65

very unusual or surprising: | **It’s extraordinary that** he should make exactly the same mistake agai

Answer 66

expressed in a way that is very clear and direct | He made the rules without being explicit about them.

Answer 67

ضمنی suggested or understood without being stated directly | Her words contained an implicit threat.

Answer 68

giving careful attention to what is happening, so that you will notice any danger or illegal activity | Please remain vigilant at all times and report anything suspicious.

Answer 69

not living | an **inanimate object**

Answer 70

to make sounds or movements that are strong and regular like a heart beating | pulsating music

Answer 71

a small ball of frozen rain

Answer 72

dirty air that looks like a mixture of smoke and fog, caused by smoke from cars and factories in cities

Answer 73

frightening in a way that makes you feel less confiden | He’s got the **daunting task** of following in Ferguson’s footsteps.

Answer 74

to keep emphasizing a fact or idea in a way that is annoying | belabour the point

Answer 75

freedom to do things in the way you want to | Try to give teenagers more leeway to make their own decisions.

Answer 76

mentioned before in an earlier part of a document, article, book etc | The property belongs to the aforementioned Mr Jones.

Answer 77

harmful dust in the air, especially produced by car engines

Answer 78

harm or damage | to the detriment of something (=resulting in harm or damage to something

Answer 79

the end of something that used to exist | the imminent **demise** (=happening soon) **of** the local newspaper

Answer 80

harmful | the **detrimental effect** of pollution on the environment

Answer 81

fascinating ## Footnote The magazine carries an intriguing mixture of high fashion, gossip and racing

Answer 82

defect | a flaw in the software

Answer 83

* power and control over someone or something * the way you hold something tightly, or your ability to do this | Stalin’s determination to keep an iron grip on Eastern Europe

Answer 84

if liquid trickles somewhere, it flows slowly in drops or in a thin stream ## Footnote The tears trickled down her cheeks.

Answer 85

the scientific study of people, their societies, cultures etc

Answer 86

عشایری، چادرنشینی

Answer 87

to compete very hard with someone in order to get something | There are at least twenty restaurants vying with each other for custom.

Answer 88

to have a particular quality or ability | He no longer possessed the power to frighten her. دارا بودن، برخوردار بودن

Answer 89

a pet animal that is housebroken has been trained not to make the house dirty with its urine and faeces

Answer 90

to walk or travel, usually for a long time, with no clear purpose or direction➔ wander | You shouldn’t let your children roam the streets.

Answer 91

an area surrounded by a wall or fence, and used for a particular purpose | the bear enclosure at the zoo

Answer 92

in spite of a fact that you have just mentioned SYN nonetheless | What you said was true. It was, nevertheless, a little unkind.

Answer 93

as a result of something that you have just mentioned

Answer 94

able to be believed or imagined OPP inconceivable ## Footnote It is conceivable that you may get full compensation, but it’s not likely

Answer 95

if a bell or clock chimes, it makes a ringing sound, especially to tell you what time it is | The clock in the hall chimed six.

Answer 96

to start a journey, especially a long journey

Answer 97

used to say that although something is true of one thing, it is not true of another ## Footnote The old system was fairly complicated whereas the new system is really very simple.

Answer 98

a place where fruit trees are grown: | a cherry orchard

Answer 99

extracurricular activities are not part of the course that a student is doing at a school or college➔ curriculum

Answer 100

not well known and usually not very important | For some obscure reason, the group is very popular.

Answer 101

very good or beautiful, and very impressive | a magnificent performance

Answer 102

an exorbitant price, amount of money etc is much higher than it should be SYN astronomical | exorbitant rent/ prices etc exorbitant rates of interest

Answer 103

a statement that someone has done something wrong or illegal, but that has not been proved | Mr Singh has strongly **denied** the **allegations** of sexual harassmen

Answer 104

supernatural | the occult powers

Answer 105

a ceremony that is always performed in the same way, in order to mark an important religious or social occasion ## Footnote The lady of the house **performs** the sacred **ritual** of lighting two candles.

Answer 106

a person who disagrees with particular claims and statements, especially those that are generally thought to be true | Sceptics argued that the rise in prices was temporary.

Answer 107

insist | Three armed groups are contending for power.

Answer 108

boring | Initially, the work was pretty mundane.

Answer 109

to put something into a liquid and lift it out again

Answer 110

well known for being bad or evil | This area is **infamous for** drugs and prostitution.

Answer 111

consisting of short stories based on someone’s personal experience حکایتی ## Footnote His findings are based on **anecdotal evidence** rather than serious research.

Answer 112

a space or room just below the roof of a house, often used for storing things | a small **attic room**

Answer 113

## Footnote Birds had nested under the eaves.

Answer 114

very unpleasant➔ repulsive: | The sight of blood is repellent to some people.

Answer 115

to block something or become blocked | Over many years, the pipes had **got clogged up** with grease

Answer 116

shortage | a deficiency of safe play areas for children

Answer 117

a lucky or successful situation where people can make a lot of money | 2008 was a bonanza year for the oil industry.

Answer 118

سرکوب شده frustrated | a repressed middle-aged woman

Answer 119

## Footnote The cat dug his claws into my leg.

Answer 120

a retractable part of something can be pulled back into the main part | a knife with a retractable blade

Answer 121

reasonable and likely to be true or successful OPP implausible | His story certainly sounds plausible.

Answer 122

if a group or organization affiliates to or with another larger one, it forms a close connection with it | the church’s right to affiliate to Rome

Answer 123

a tree such as a pine or fir that has leaves like needles and produces brown cones that contain seeds. Most types of conifer keep their leaves in winter | coniferous forests

Answer 124

an organization for boys that teaches them practical skills | He was spotted by a scout at the age of 13.

Answer 125

to make it difficult for someone or something to move forward or make progress | Storms at sea impeded our progress.

Answer 126

evil or criminal | nefarious activities such as drug trafficking and fraud

Answer 127

a small restaurant that serves cheap meals

Answer 128

behaving in a confident or exciting way that makes people notice you | He lifted his arms in a **flamboyant gesture**.

Answer 129

to describe something or someone in writing or speech, or to show them in a painting, picture etc | a book depicting life in pre-revolutionary Russia

Answer 130

to make a fire or light stop burning or shining | Please extinguish all cigarettes.

Answer 131

fragile | The sun can easily damage a child’s **delicate skin**

Answer 132

the mark left by an object being pressed into or onto something | the **imprint of** her hand on the soft sand

Answer 133

if a car, train etc chugs somewhere, it moves there slowly, with the engine making a repeated low sound | The boat chugged out of the harbour.

Answer 134

عادت کردن to make yourself or another person become used to a situation or place | It took a while for me to ***accustom*** myself ***to*** all the new rules

Answer 135

to gradually become less and less or smaller and smaller | The elephant population is dwindling.

Answer 136

a name, especially one that you choose for yourself or give something | the monikor "Never Trumper"

Answer 137

modern | an exhibition of contemporary Japanese prints

Answer 138

a serious speech or piece of writing on a particular subjec | a discourse on art

Answer 139

a complete range of opinions, people, situations etc, going from one extreme to its opposite | The two articles here represent **opposite ends of the spectrum**.

Answer 140

تخصیص the act of choosing someone or something for a particular purpose, or of giving them a particular description | Her official designation is Systems Manager.

Answer 141

an expression or word used in informal conversation

Answer 142

a very large suitcase that opens into two parts

Answer 143

extremely good | an **outstanding example** of a 13th-century castle

Answer 144

if a very bright light dazzles you, it stops you from seeing properly for a short time | a deer dazzled by the headlights

Answer 145

wrek; the destruction of a ship in an accident | survivors of the shipwreck

Answer 146

continuing or existing for a long time, or happening again and again | Lack of resources has been a **perennial problem** since the beginning. ## Footnote کمبود منابع از ابتدا یک مشکل **همیشگی** بوده است.

Answer 147

an institution that has the power to make or change laws | the state legislature of Virginia

Answer 148

someone, especially an old man, who is very wise

Answer 149

the seeds of crops such as corn, wheat, or rice that are gathered for use as food, or these crops themselves | Last year’s grain harvest was the biggest ever.

Answer 150

گوه مانند

Answer 151

an event or sequence of events of a specified kind or that has previously been referred to | China is now a major player in **world affairs**

Answer 152

a building where people go to worship, in the Jewish, Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh, and Mormon religions

Answer 153

the scientific study of the stars and

Answer 154

someone who is specially trained to perform religious duties and ceremonies in the Christian church

Answer 155

a quality that is inherent in something is a natural part of it and cannot be separated from it | Every business has its own inherent risks.

Answer 156

legal or allowed by official rules | Don’t worry, the deal’s strictly legit.

Answer 157

someone who works for a company that prepares and asks questions to find out what people think about a particular subject

Answer 158

someone whose job is to make scientific studies of wild plants

Answer 159

if something is scarce, there is not very much of it available | There was fierce competition for the **scarce resources**.

Answer 160

an action that breaks a law, rule, or agreement | They sued the company for **breach of contract**.

Answer 161

when you guess about the possible causes or effects of something without knowing all the facts, or the guesses that you make | The witness’s statement was **pure speculation**

Answer 162

willing to show that you care about someone | My mother wasn’t demonstrative; she never hugged me.

Answer 163

a fast sailing ship with two sails

Answer 164

to feel or show that you are very happy | We rejoiced in our good fortune.

Answer 165

a person or animal that is cuddly makes you want to cuddle them | **He is the most affectionate and cuddly dog I have ever known.**

Answer 166

to make someone popular and liked | The emperor saw an opportunity to **endear** himself **to** the Athenian

Answer 167

a rude word that you use when you are angry or in pain, for example ‘shit’ | expletive "it"

Essential Words - Unessential 1 Flashcards

(201 cards)