GMAT- my words - 1 Flashcards

(210 cards)

1
Q

Supersede

ˌsuːpəˈsiːd

A

if a new idea, product, or method supersedes another one, it becomes used instead because it is more modern or effective
SYN: Replace

Their map has since been superseded by photographic atlases.

جایگزین شدن

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2
Q

Throughout

A

during all of a particular period, from the beginning to the end

We are open every weekend throughout the year.

در تمام طول زمان

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3
Q

Enlisted as/in

ɪnˈlɪsted

A

to join the army, navy etc

At the outbreak of war, he was enlisted in the army.

با شروع جنگ به خدمت سربازی درآمد

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4
Q

n.

Stint (in/at)

stɪnt

A

a period of time spent doing a particular job or activity

Mark did a two-year stint in the army.

مارک یک دوره دو ساله در ارتش انجام داد.
Stunt means to limit growth
Stint is to limit supply

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5
Q

Regurgitate

rɪˈgɜːrdʒɪəteɪt

A

to repeat facts, ideas etc that you have read or heard without thinking about them yourself – used to show disapproval

tries to get student to think critically, not just regurgitate facts.

بلغور کردن

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6
Q

Reversal of

rɪˈvɜːrsəl

A

a change to an opposite arrangement, process, or way of doing something➔ turnaround

a sudden reversal of government policy

چرخش ۱۸۰ درجه ای مثلا

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7
Q

Encompass

ɪnˈkʌmpəs

Formal

A

to include a wide range of ideas, subjects, etc

در برگرفتن

The study encompasses the social, political, and economic aspects of the situation.

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8
Q

Tedious

ˈtiːdiəs

A

Boring

خسته کننده

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9
Q

Pursuit

pərˈsuːt

A

when someone tries to get, achieve, or find something in a determined way

in pursuit of liberty and happiness

به دنبال آزادی و خوشبختی

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10
Q

Interdiction

ˈɪntərdɪkʃən

A

an official order from a court telling someone not to do something
SYN: Prohibition

The interdiction of the slave trade

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11
Q

Unilateral

ˌjuːnɪəˈlætərəl◂

A

a unilateral action or decision is done by only one of the groups involved in a situation➔ bilateral, multilateral

a unilateral declaration of independence

یکجانبه
جالبه که a استفاده میشه نه an

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12
Q

Obedience

əˈbiːdiəns

A

when someone does what they are told to do, or what a law, rule etc says they must do
OPP: Disobedience

مطیع

obedience to God, He lived in obedience to the church’s teachings.

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13
Q

Absolutism

ˈæbsəluːtɪzəm

A

a political system in which a ruler has complete power and authority

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14
Q

Constitutionalism

ˌkɑːnstɪəˈtuːʃənəlɪzəm

A

The belief that a government should be based on a constitution

حکومت مشروطه

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15
Q

Tyranny

ˈtɪrəni

A

cruel or unfair control over other people

“Wherever law ends, tyranny begins.” , John Locke

هر کجا قانون پایان یابد، استبداد آغاز می شود

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16
Q

Grid

grɪd

Electrical

A

the network of electricity supply wires that connects power stations and provides electricity to buildings in an area

the National Grid

شبکه سیم های تامین برق که نیروگاه ها را به هم متصل می کند و برق ساختمان ها را در یک منطقه تامین می کند

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17
Q

In part

A

In some degree, not compeletely
SYN: Partly

His reluctance to help could, in part, be explained by his poor eyesight

تا حدودی

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18
Q

v.

Staggering

ˈstægərɪŋ

A

SYN: Amazing

The financial impact on the town was staggering.

تاثیرات مالی بر شهر خیره کننده بود.
سرسام آور هم میشه معنی کرد.

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19
Q

Unprecedented

ʌnˈpresɪədentɪəd

A

بی سابقه

  • He took the unprecedented step of stating that the rumours were false.
  • Crime has increased on an unprecedented scale.
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20
Q

Mutualism

Mutualezem

A

همزیستی

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21
Q

Pollinate

ˈpɒ:lɪəneɪt

A

to give a flower or plant pollen so that it can produce seeds

flowers pollinated by bees

گرده افشانی

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22
Q

Circadian

sɜːrˈkeɪdiən

A

relating to a period of 24 hours, used especially when talking about changes in people’s bodies

the body’s circadian rhythm

ریتم شبانه روزی

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23
Q

Cite

saɪt

Formal

A

to mention something as an example, especially one that supports, proves, or explains an idea or situation

استناد

ذکر چیزی به عنوان مثال، به ویژه موردی که ایده یا موقعیتی را پشتیبانی، اثبات یا توضیح می دهد

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24
Q

Vivid

ˈvɪvɪəd

A

vivid memories, dreams, descriptions etc are so clear that they seem real
OPP: Vague

I’ve got vivid memories of that summer.

واضح

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25
Unwavering | ʌnˈweɪvərɪŋ
an unwavering attitude, belief, expression etc does not change | unwavering support ## Footnote بی دریغ - تزلزل ناپذیر
26
Anthropomorphism | ˌænθrəpəˈmɔːrfɪzəm
the belief that animals or objects have the same feelings and qualities as humans ## Footnote تصور شخصیت انسانی برای چیزی
27
Frown on/upon | frown
to disapprove of someone or something, especially someone’s behaviour | Even though divorce is legal, it is still frowned upon. ## Footnote مورد انتقاد است. مضمون، ترش رویی
28
Ambivalent | æmˈbɪvələnt
* not sure whether you want or like something or not * Mixed feelings or conflicting idea | O'Neill had a genuine **ambivalence toward** US involvement in the war. ## Footnote دوگانگی، ابهام
29
# Adj. Enthusiastic | ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪk◂
feeling or showing a lot of interest and excitement about something | All the staff are **enthusiastic about** the project. ## Footnote مشتاق، علاقه مند
30
Enthusiastic | ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪk◂
feeling or showing a lot of interest and excitement about something | All the staff are **enthusiastic about** the project. ## Footnote مشتاق
31
Skeptical | ˈskeptɪkəl
tending to disagree with what other people tell you SYN: Doubtful | I’m extremely **sceptical about** what I read in the press. ## Footnote مشکوک - تردید داشتن
32
Unimpeded | ˌʌnɪmˈpiːdɪəd◂
happening or moving without being stopped or having difficulty ## Footnote بدون مانع
33
Groundbreaking | ˈgraʊndˌbreɪkɪŋ
groundbreaking work involves making new discoveries, using new methods etc | groundbreaking research ## Footnote پیشگامانه
34
Stunned | stʌnd
too surprised or shocked to speak | The audience sat in **stunned silence**. ## Footnote حیرت آور
35
Scripture | ˈskrɪptʃər
the holy books of a particular religion | کتاب مقدس
36
# adj. Lay | leɪ
not trained or not knowing much about a particular profession or subject | lay people مردم عادی
37
# Adj. Abrupt | əˈbrʌpt
sudden and unexpected | an **abrupt change** of plan ## Footnote تغییر ناگهانی
38
Punctuate | ˈpʌŋktʃueɪt
to be interrupted by something, especially when this is repeated | The silence was occasionally punctuated by laughter. ## Footnote منقطع شدن
39
# n. Proliferation | prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃən
a sudden increase in the amount or number of something | the proliferation of global media networks ## Footnote گسترش
40
# v. Undergo | ˌʌndərˈgoʊ
if you undergo a change, an unpleasant experience etc, it happens to you or is done to you | The country has **undergone** massive **changes** recently. ## Footnote متحمل شدن
41
Undertaken by | ˌʌndəˈteɪken ## Footnote Formal
انجام شده است | The studies were undertaken by people working in education. ## Footnote این مطالعات توسط افراد شاغل در آموزش انجام شد. عهده دار شدن، بعهده گرفتن، تقبل کردن، قول دادن، متعهد شدن، تعهد کردن، متقبل شدن
42
Materialized | məˈtɪəriəlaɪz
to happen or appear in the way that you expected happen, occur | The money we had been promised **failed to materialize**. ## Footnote جامه عمل بخود پوشیدن، مادی کردن، صورت خارجی بخود گرفتن
43
# adv. Posthumously | ˈpɑːstʃəməsli
پس از مرگ | He was **posthumously awarded** the Military Cross. ## Footnote Mnemonic: Post + Hum(ys)an
44
# n. Protagonist | proʊˈtægənɪəst ## Footnote Formal
* the most important character in a play, film, or story SYN: Main character * one of the most important supporters of a social or political idea | پیش کسوت - سردمدار ## Footnote a **protagonist of** educational reform
45
# v. Accentuate | əkˈsentʃueɪt
to make something more noticeable highlights, emphasizes | The photograph seemed to accentuate his large nose. ## Footnote تاکید کردن، اهمیت دادن، برجسته نمودن Mnemonic: Accent + up : i.e, to say with a strong accent, put emphasis on something.
46
Slutry | ˈsʌltri
seductive, atractive
47
Anguish | ˈæŋgwɪʃ
distress, pain, misery ## Footnote عذاب، غم و اندوه، اضطراب، جفا، سینه سوزی، غرامت، دل تنگی، دلتنگ کردن، غمگین شدن، نگران شدن، نگران کردن
48
# Adj. Palpable | ˈpælpəbəl ## Footnote Formal
obvious, apparent, clear OPP: Impalpable ## Footnote قابل لمس
49
Reputable | ˈrepjʊətəbəl
respected, trusted, reliable
50
Physiologists | ˌfɪziˈɒ:lədʒists
people who study how the body works
51
Basal | beisel
basic, lowest, minimal
52
Expenditure | ɪkˈspendɪtʃər
* spending, utilization * income
53
Physiological
having to do with the body, biological
54
Compensatory | kəmˈpen-səˌtɔːri ## Footnote Formal
compensating, offsetting ## Footnote جبران کننده
55
Phenomenon | fɪˈnɑːmɪənɑːnən
occurrence, miracle
56
Sustenance | ˈsʌstənəns ## Footnote Formal
1. food, nutrition 2. when something is made to continue ## Footnote * Potatoes were their only means of sustenance. سیب زمینی تنها خوراک آنها بود * Elections are necessary for the sustenance of democracy. انتخابات برای حفظ دموکراسی حیاتی است.
57
Foraging | ˈfɒ:rɪdʒ
hunting, searching, seeking | جست و جو، شکار ## Footnote People are being forced to forage for food and fuel. مردم مجبور شده اند به جست و جوی غذا و سوخت بروند
58
Predation | prɪˈdeɪʃən
Killing by predators
59
Induce | ɪnˈduːs
to cause a particular physical condition results in, causes, gives rise to | a drug-induced coma ## Footnote یک کما **ناشی** از دارو **باعث شدن**
60
Flurry of | ˈflɜːri
short period of activity, burst, surge | دوره کوتاه فعالیت، انفجار، موج ## Footnote * The day started with a flurry of activity. روز با فعالیت های **فراوان** آغاز شد. * He opens the door and a flurry of snow blows in. در را باز می کند و **سیل** برف وارد می شود.
61
Pummel | ˈpʌməl
to hit someone or something many times quickly, especially using your fists (=closed hands) | The cook pummelled at the dough. ## Footnote پشت سر هم مشت زدن - مشتمال کردن
62
Primitive | ˈprɪmɪətɪv
belonging to a simple way of life that existed in the past and does not have modern industries and machines OPP: Advanced | a primitive nomadic tribe ## Footnote یک قبیله **بدوی**
63
Devastate | ˈdevəsteɪt
to damage something very badly or completely | The city centre was devastated by the bomb. ## Footnote مرکز شهر بر اثر بمب **ویران** شد.
64
Apocalypse | əˈpɒ:kəlɪps
the destruction and end of the world disaster, catastrophe, destruction | anti-nuclear protesters who fear the apocalypse ## Footnote معترضان ضد هسته ای که از **آخرالزمان** می ترسند
65
Astounding | əˈstaʊndɪŋ
so surprising that it is almost impossible to believe SYN: Astonishing | برگریزون - حیرت آور ## Footnote The concert was an astounding success. کنسرت یک موفقیت خیره کننده بود.
66
# v. Allay | əˈleɪ
allay (somebody’s) fear/ concern/ suspicion etc to make someone feel less afraid, worried etc reduce, sooth, calm | آراام کردن، از شدت چیزی کاستن ## Footnote The job sounds right up your alley. بنظر میاد کار مطابق سلیقه و استعداد توست note: All**e**y means a narrow way
67
coronal mass ejection
انفجار ماده و میدان مغناطیسی که توسط خورشید آزاد می شود ## Footnote تخلیه توده تاجی
68
Frugal | ˈfruːgəl
1. careful to buy only what is necessary 2. Simple OPP: Extravagant | ۱- مقتصد ## Footnote As children we were taught to be frugal and hard-working. در کودکی به ما آموختند که صرفه جو و سخت کوش باشیم.
69
Cornerstone | ˈkɔːrnərstoʊn
important feature, foundation
70
Electorate | ɪˈlektərɪət
voters, population | واجدین حق رای
71
not-so-objective
biased, distorted | مغرضانه - تحریف شده نه چندان عینی
72
Virtually | ˈvɜːtʃuəli
nearly, essentially, basically SYN: Practically | تقریبا - اساسا ## Footnote Virtually all the children come to school by bus. تقریباً همه بچه ها با اتوبوس به مدرسه می آیند.
73
Unwarranted | ʌnˈwɒrəntɪəd
unjustified, unsupported, unreasonable | غیر منطقی - ناموجه - بدون پشتوانه ## Footnote unwarranted interference دخالت بی دلیل
74
Mildly | ˈmaɪldli
Slightly | The drug is only mildly addictive. ## Footnote این دارو فقط کمی اعتیاد آور است
75
Moderately | ˈmɒdərɪətli
fairly, but not very SYN: Reasonably | معتدلانه ## Footnote He did moderately well in the exams. او در امتحانات نسبتاً خوب عمل کرد.
76
Scant | skænt
نا کافی Not enough - very little | The story has received **scant attention** in the press. ## Footnote این داستان در مطبوعات مورد کم توجهی قرار گرفته است. Mnemonic: Scan N’t
77
Hunch | hʌntʃ
if you have a hunch that something is true or will happen, you feel that it is true or will happen➔ suspicion SYN: guesses, speculations | I **had a hunch that** something like this would happen. ## Footnote گمان بردن
78
Wholeheartedly
از صمیم قلب
79
Endure | ɪnˈdjʊər
to be in a difficult or painful situation for a long time without complaining SYN: lasted, persisted, survived ## Footnote تحمل کردن، ماندگار شدن، زنده ماندن
80
Affirmation | əˈfɜːrm
to state publicly that something is true SYN: Confirmation, verification | تایید
81
Overemphasizes | ˌoʊvərˈemfəsaɪz
gives something too much importance or attention | تاکید خیلی زیاد ## Footnote The importance of adequate preparation **cannot be overemphasized** (=used to say that something is very important).
82
Substantiated | səbˈstænʃieɪt ## Footnote Formal
supported, confirmed | اثبات کردن ## Footnote Katzen offered little evidence to **substantiate** his **claims**.
83
Worldviews
philosophies, belief systems, mindsets | جهان بینی
84
Shortcomings | ˈʃɔːrtˌkʌmɪŋ
defects, flaws, deficiencies | کاستی، عیب، نقص
85
Rings true
seems true or sincere | بنظر درست می رسد یا بنظر صادقانه می رسد
86
Pitch | pɪtʃ
a thick black substance, tar, glue | یک ماده سیاه غلیظ، قیر، چسب
87
Vertical | ˈvɜːtɪkəl
عمودی
88
Horizontal | ˌhɑːrɪəˈzɑːntl◂
افقی
89
Deposited
left behind, placed | باقیمانده، بجا مونده
90
Durability | ˈdjʊərəbəliti
strength, sturdiness, toughness | دوام و استحکام
91
Implication | ˌɪmplɪəˈkeɪʃən
a possible future effect or result of an action, event, decision etc | تاثیر ## Footnote They are called ‘Supertrams’, the **implication being that** (=which is meant to suggest that) they are more advanced than earlier models. به این معنی که
92
Bark | bɑːrk
علاوه بر پارس سگ پوسته بیرونی درخت هم هست
93
Birch | bɜːrtʃ ## Footnote Plant
94
Critique | krɪˈtiːk
a detailed explanation of the problems of something such as a set of political ideas➔ evaluation | نقد ## Footnote a critique of modern economic theory
95
Jargon | ˈdɑːrgən
اصلاحات تخصصی | Keep it simple and avoid the use of jargon.
96
Peculiar | pɪˈkjuːliər
strange, unfamiliar, or a little surprising | عجیب‌تر ## Footnote **It** seems very **peculiar that** no one noticed Kay had gone.
97
Fidelity | fɪˈdelɪəti
when you are loyal to a person, an organization, or something that you believe in SYN: Loyality | وفاداری معانی دیگر: وفا، پایبندی، وظیفه شناسی، پیروی از تعهدات و وظایف، پیمان داری، وفاداری به همسر (در ازدواج)، پاکدامنی ## Footnote his **fidelity to** the company over 25 years
98
Greet | griːt
to say hello to someone or welcome them
99
# v. Fashion | ˈfæʃən
to shape or make something, using your hands or only a few tools | He fashioned a box from a few old pieces of wood. ## Footnote او از چند تکه چوب قدیمی جعبه ای ساخت.
100
Comet | ˈkɑːmɪət
| Halley’s comet ## Footnote دنباله دار هالی
101
Twist | twist
102
Consciousness | ˈkɒ:nʃəsnɪəs
when you know that something exists or is true SYN: Awareness | This will increase public consciousness of the pollution issue. ## Footnote این امر آگاهی عمومی را نسبت به موضوع آلودگی افزایش می دهد.
103
Restate | ˌriːˈsteɪt
to say something again in a different way, so that it is clearer or more strongly expressed: | He is not changing the rules; he is simply restating the policy that was ## Footnote او قوانین را تغییر نمی دهد. او به سادگی سیاستی را که در سال گذشته ایجاد شد، دوباره بیان می کند.
104
Cave | keɪv
غار
105
# v. Hatch | hætʃ
| The eggs take three days to hatch. ## Footnote تخم ها سه روز طول می کشد تا از تخم خارج شوند.
106
# n. Serf | sɜːrf ## Footnote Singular
someone in the past who lived and worked on land that they did not own and who had to obey the owner of the land➔ peasant ## Footnote But in the new electronic workplace, the corporate serf cannot see his master, because his corporate master is a fiction. اما در محل کار الکترونیکی جدید، رعیت شرکتی نمی تواند ارباب خود را ببیند، زیرا ارباب شرکت او یک داستان تخیلی است.
107
# n. Venom | ˈvenəm ## Footnote **uncountable**
SYN: Malice (ˈmælɪəs) | زهر، سم، مسموم کردن، مسموم شدن **یا** تنفر، بیزاری، نفرت، دشمنی، کینه ## Footnote There was real venom in her voice.
108
# n. Badger | ˈbædʒər
## Footnote mnemonic: بد جر میده زمین رو
109
# n. Populace | ˈpɒ:pjʊələs ## Footnote Formal, Singular
the people who live in a country | the effects of the war on the local populace ## Footnote اثرات جنگ بر مردم محلی عوام
110
# n. Offspring | ˈɒ:fˌsprɪŋ ## Footnote **plural offspring** same as childeren, which we never say childrens.
an animal’s baby or babies SYN: Young | a lion and its offspring ## Footnote توله
111
Veil of ignorance | veɪl
پرده بی خبری
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Disparity | dɪˈspærɪəti
a difference between two or more things, especially an unfair one➔ parity | a **disparity between** the rates of pay for men **and** women ## Footnote تفاوت بین نرخ دستمزد مردان و زنان
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Conquer | ˈkɑːŋkər
to get control of a country by fighting: | Egypt was conquered by the Persian King Kambyses. ## Footnote مصر توسط کامبوجیه پادشاه ایرانی فتح شد.
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Sahara | səˈhærə
صحرای بزرگ آفریقا
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Take somthing into account
to consider or remember something when judging a situation | توجه داشتن ## Footnote I hope my teacher will take into account the fact that I was ill just before the exams when she marks my paper. امیدوارم معلمم وقتی برگه‌ام را علامت می‌زند به این واقعیت توجه کند که من درست قبل از امتحانات بیمار بودم.
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Assembly | əˈsembli
اجتماع کردن | Police have imposed conditions on **public assemblies**. ## Footnote پلیس شرایطی را برای اجتماعات عمومی وضع کرده است.
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Constrain | kənˈstreɪn
SYN: Restrict محدود کردن | Poor soil has constrained the level of crop production. ## Footnote خاک ضعیف سطح تولید محصول را محدود کرده است.
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Indiginous | ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs
SYN: Native | Blueberries are **indigenous to** America. ## Footnote زغال اخته **بومی** آمریکاست.
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Embrace | ɪmˈbreɪs ## Footnote Formal
1. to include something as part of a subject, discussion etc 2. to eagerly accept a new idea, opinion, religion etc | شامل شدن - پذیرا بودن ## Footnote * We hope these regions will embrace democratic reforms. ما امیدواریم که این مناطق اصلاحات دموکراتیک را پذیرا باشند. * This course embraces several different aspects of psychology. این دوره شامل چندین جنبه مختلف روانشناسی است.
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# n., v. Squash | skwɑːʃ
1. کدو 2. کوبیدن و خمیر کردن، درهم کوبیدن | She squashed his last faint hope. ## Footnote آخرین امید ضعیف او را له کرد
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Stalk | stɒːk
ساقه
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# v. Default | dɪˈfɒːlt
to fail to pay money that you owe at the right time | He defaulted on his child support payments. ## Footnote او در پرداخت نفقه فرزندش کوتاهی کرد. In default of any other instructions, they decided to use the same system as before. برخلاف هر دستورالعمل دیگری، آنها تصمیم گرفتند از همان سیستم قبلی استفاده کنند.
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Ambitious | ambitious
1. an ambitious plan, idea etc shows a desire to do something good but difficult 2. determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc ## Footnote * an **over-ambitious** health reform program برنامه اصلاحات سلامت بیش از حد **بلندپروازانه** * mothers who are highly ambitious for their children (=who want their children to be successful مادرانی که برای فرزندان خود بسیار **جاه طلب** هستند (=که می خواهند فرزندانشان موفق باشند
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Envision | ɪnˈvɪʒən
to imagine something that you think might happen in the future, especially something that you think will be good | تصور کردن آینده مطلوب - رویا داشتن ## Footnote I envisioned a future of educational excellence. من آینده ای از تعالی آموزشی را متصور بودم.
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Diminish | dɪəˈmɪnɪʃ
SYN: Reduce | The party’s share of the electorate has diminished steadily. ## Footnote سهم حزب از رای دهندگان به طور پیوسته کاهش یافته است.
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Conjunction with sb/sth | kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən
working, happening, or being used with someone or something else ## Footnote The worksheets are designed to be used in **conjunction with** the new coursebooks. کاربرگ ها به گونه ای طراحی شده اند که **در ارتباط با** کتاب های درسی جدید استفاده شوند.
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Diametrically opposed/opposite | ˌdaɪəˈmetrɪkli
کاملا متضاد | The two ideas are diametrically opposed. ## Footnote این دو ایده **کاملاً متضاد** هستند.
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Propel | prəˈpel
to move someone into a new situation or make them do something | سوق دادن - پیش راندن ## Footnote Company directors were propelled into action. مدیران شرکت وارد عمل شدند.
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Mimic | ˈmɪmɪk
SYN: Intimate, take off ## Footnote Europe should not try to mimic Japan: we have to find our own path to successful modernisation اروپا نباید سعی کند ژاپن را **تقلید** کند: ما باید مسیر خود را برای مدرنیزاسیون موفق پیدا کنیم
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Futail | ˈfjuːtaɪl
SYN: Pointless | It was futile to continue the negotiations. ## Footnote ادامه مذاکرات بیهوده بود.
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Better off
1. having more money than someone else or than you had before 2. Better off with/without having more money than someone else or than you had before OPP: worse off | She’ll be about £50 a week better off. ## Footnote او با ۵۰ یورو بیشتر در هفته وضعیت بهتری خواهد داشت.
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Volatile | ˈvɑːlətl
a volatile situation is likely to change suddenly and without warning OPP: Stable | the **highly volatile** stock and bond markets ## Footnote بازارهای سهام و اوراق قرضه با **نوسان** شدید
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Presumption | prɪˈzʌmpʃən
فرض | the presumption that their wealth is the result of crime ## Footnote این **فرض** که ثروت آنها نتیجه جنایت است
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Loose | lu:s
| The screw has **come loose** ## Footnote پیچ شل شده است
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Rote | roʊt
when you learn something by repeating it many times, without thinking about it carefully or without understanding it | In old-fashioned schools, much **learning** was **by rote**. ## Footnote در مدارس از مد افتاده، بسیاری از یادگیری ها بوسیله **تکرار کردن** بود. طوطی وار
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Imply | ɪmˈplaɪ
SYN: Suggest | نشان دادن - تایید کردن ## Footnote The high level of radiation in the rocks **implies that** they are volcanic in origin. سطح بالای تشعشع در سنگ ها **نشان می دهد** که منشا آتشفشانی دارند.
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Inclusion | ɪnˈkluːʒən
گنجاندن ## Footnote The potential advantage of GPI is its inclusion of effects of economic development other than positive ones. مزیت بالقوه GPI **گنجاندن** اثرات توسعه اقتصادی غیر از اثرات مثبت آن است.
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Grasp | græsp
شیرفهم ## Footnote At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened. در آن زمان، ما اهمیت آنچه را که اتفاق افتاده بود، به طور کامل **درک نکردیم**.
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Crop | krɑːp
SYN: Harvest | **crop production** ## Footnote تولید محصولات کشاورزی
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Weed | wiːd
علف هرز | the constant battle against weeds ## Footnote مبارزه مداوم با علف های هرز
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Stance | stæns
SYN: stand adopt/take a stance | The President has adopted a **tough stance** on terrorism. ## Footnote رئیس جمهور **مواضع** سختگیرانه ای در قبال تروریسم اتخاذ کرده است.
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Inset | ˈɪnset
something which is fixed into or onto the surface of something else: | a pendant with a diamond inset ## Footnote یک آویز با یک الماس تعبیه شده
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Stewardship | ˈstuːərdʃɪp
someone’s stewardship of something is the way that they control or protect it. | Some critics have doubts about his stewardship of the nation. ## Footnote برخی از منتقدان در مورد **سرپرستی** او بر کشور تردید دارند.
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Boast | boʊst
to talk too proudly about your abilities, achievements, or possessions | He’s **boasting about** how much money he has made. ## Footnote او به میزان پولی که به دست آورده به خود **می بالد**.
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Pupil | ˈpjuːpəl
someone who is being taught, especially a child | About 20 pupils study music here. ## Footnote حدود 20 دانش آموز در اینجا موسیقی می آموزند.
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Dismiss | dɪsˈmɪs
to refuse to consider someone’s idea, opinion etc, because you think it is not serious, true, or important | He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic. ## Footnote او فقط خندید و پیشنهاد من را غیرواقعی **رد کرد**.
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Tend to | tend
People tend to need less sleep as they get older. | افراد با افزایش سن **اغلب** به خواب کمتری نیاز دارند. ## Footnote داشتن
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Bogged sb/st down | bɒːɡ
گیر کردن | The car **got bogged down** in the mud. ## Footnote ماشین در گل و لای **گیر کرد**.
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Intent | ɪnˈtent
what you intend to do | She behaved foolishly but with good intent. ## Footnote او احمقانه اما با **نیت** خوب رفتار کرد.
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Figuratively | ˈfɪgərətɪvli
a figurative word or phrase is used in a different way from its usual meaning, to give you a particular idea or picture in your mind➔ literal | He’s my son, in the figurative sense of the word.
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Totality | toʊˈtælɪəti ## Footnote Formal
کل چیزی | It’s essential that we look at the problem in its totality. ## Footnote ضروری است که به مشکل در **کلیت** آن نگاه کنیم.
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seek somebody/ something ↔ out | siːk ## Footnote phrasal verb
to try to find someone or something, especially when this is difficult | Our mission is to seek out the enemy and destroy them. ## Footnote ماموریت ما **جستجوی** دشمن و نابودی آنهاست.
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Argue that | ˈɑːɡju
**It could be argued that** a dam might actually increase the risk of flooding. | استدلال کردن ## Footnote **می توان استدلال کرد که** یک سد در واقع ممکن است خطر سیل را افزایش دهد.
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Assert | əˈsɜːrt
to state firmly that something is true | با قاطعیت تایید کردن ## Footnote He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source. وی **تاکید کرد** که انرژی هسته ای یک منبع انرژی ایمن و بدون آلودگی است.
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Underwhelming | ʌndərˈwelm
SYN: Disappointing | We were underwhelmed by the latest version of the software. ## Footnote ما از آخرین نسخه نرم افزار **ناامید شدیم**.
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Controlled for
Adjusted for | The researchers successfully controlled for pupil skill. ## Footnote محققان با موفقیت مهارت دانش آموز را **تنظیم کردند**.
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Abide | əˈbaɪd
somebody can’t abide somebody/ something used to say that someone dislikes someone or something very much | I can’t abide that man – he’s so self-satisfied. ## Footnote Past tense: abode من نمی توانم آن مرد را تحمل کنم - او بسیار از خود راضی است.
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abide by something
phrasal verb to accept and obey a decision, rule, agreement etc, even though you may not agree with it | You have to abide by the referee’s decision. ## Footnote شما باید به تصمیم داور **تمکین کنید.**.
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Keep an eye peeled for something | piːl
مراقب چیزی بودن | She stumbled along, keeping her eyes peeled for a phone box. ## Footnote او از راه افتاد و **چشمانش به دنبال** تلفن **بود**.
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Home in on somebody/something ## Footnote phrasal verb
to direct all your attention towards a particular person or thing SYN: Zero in on | She immediately zeroed in on the weak point in his argument. ## Footnote دقیقا روی شی، هدف، یا محلی تمرکز و به سمت آن حرکت کردن او بلافاصله **متوجه** نقطه ضعف استدلال او **شد**.
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Sole | soʊl
SYN: Only | The story was published **with the sole purpose** of selling newspapers. ## Footnote این داستان **تنها با هدف** فروش روزنامه منتشر شد.
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Narrow | ˈnæroʊ
OPP: Broad | You've got a very **narrow view** of life. ## Footnote شما **دید** بسیار **محدودی** از زندگی دارید.
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Purpose | ˈpɜːrpəs
هدف | The purpose of this meeting is to elect a new chairman. ## Footnote **هدف** از این جلسه انتخاب رئیس جدید است.
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Discern | dɪˈsɜːrn ## Footnote Formal
to notice or understand something by thinking about it carefully SYN: perceive متوجه شدن و فهمیدن | Officials were keen to discern how much public support there was. ## Footnote مقامات مشتاق بودند **بفهمند** که چقدر حمایت عمومی وجود دارد.
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Tribal | ˈtraɪbəl
relating to a tribe or tribes: | خانوادگی ## Footnote A dance tribal
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Articulate something with somthing | ɑːrˈtɪkjʊəleɪt
if one idea, system etc articulates with another idea, system etc, the two things are related and exist together اگر یک ایده، سیستم و غیره با ایده، سیستم و غیره دیگری بیان شود، این دو چیز به هم مرتبط هستند و با هم وجود دارند | توصیف و بیان کردن هم معنی میده ## Footnote a new course that is designed to articulate with the current degree course یک دوره جدید که برای **هماهنگی با** دوره فعلی طراحی شده است
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Belief vs. Attitude
Believe به معنای باور و ایمان داشتن به چیزی یا کسی است. She told me she didn’t know anything but I don’t believe even one word of it. (بهم گفت که هیچی نمی دونست ولی من حتی یک کلمه از حرفاش رو باور نمی کنم.) Belief به معنای باور و ایمان است – چه باور و عقیده مذهبی و چه باوری که از احساس اطمینان نسبت به کسی یا چیزی به وجود می آید. My belief in God lightens my way. نگرش یا Attitude یعنی ارزیابی عمومی شما از یک رفتار یا یک واقعیت یا یک چیز. مثلا نگرش شما نسبت به پول دادن به متکدیان خیابانی ممکن است این باشد که شما این عمل را عملی با ارزش بدانید و یا دیگری ممکن است این عمل را عملی بی ارزش بداند
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Domestic | dəˈmestɪk
داخلی | Our nation's **domestic affairs** ## Footnote امور داخلی کشور ما
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Miscellaneous | ˌmɪsəˈleɪniəs◂
| A miscelleniouse assort of books. ## Footnote مجموعه‌ای از کتاب های متفرقه
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Visceral | ˈvɪsərəl
visceral beliefs and attitudes are the result of strong feelings rather than careful thought | شدید ## Footnote His ideas provoke a visceral reaction from many of Britain's top business leaders. ایده های او واکنش شدید بسیاری از رهبران ارشد تجاری بریتانیا را برانگیخت.
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Nausea | ˈnɒːziə
SYN: Sickness | حالت تهوع ## Footnote A feeling of nausea suddenly came over me.
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Revulsion | rɪˈvʌlʃən
a strong feeling of shock and very strong dislike SYN: Disgust | News of the atrocities produced a wave of anger and revulsion. ## Footnote خبر این جنایات موجی از خشم و **انزجار** را ایجاد کرد. Mnemonic: Revolve+Vision. When u revolve ur vision changes and u have a disgusted feeling
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Onerous | ˈɒ:nərəs ## Footnote Formal
work or a responsibility that is onerous is difficult and worrying or makes you tired | an onerous task ## Footnote طاقت فرسا
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a hefty/ fat fee | ˈhefti ## Footnote Informal
a very large fee | Customers are being charged **a** hefty fee for their telephone service.
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Tally | ˈtæli
a record of how much you have spent, won etc by a particular point in time: | The final tally was $465,000. ## Footnote رقم نهایی 465000 دلار بود.
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Controlled for
Removed bias
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conviction
a strong belief اعتقاد راسخ
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obsolescence
uselessness
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exploitative
unfairly taking advantage of | استثمارگرانه
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indeed
certainly, undeniably (shows agreement with something stated earlier)
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be hard-pressed to justify
have trouble justifying
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colluded
conspired (cooperated in a secret or unlawful way in order to deceive or gain an advantage over others)
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wear out
خسته‌ش کردن، پوست پا کردن شلوار جین توسط من break down, fall apart, stop working
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assert
argue, contend, claim
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ambitious
large, challenging, bold
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aims
goal
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contend
argue, assert, claim
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emphasis
importance, special attention
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inevitable
predictable, certain
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grandiose
ambitious, grand, lofty
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intrigued | ɪnˈtriːgd
very interested in something because it seems strange or mysterious | مجذوب شده ## Footnote He was intrigued by her reaction. او مجذوب واکنش او شد.
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Especially vs. Specially
Especially = "To an unusual high degree" or "more than so than comparable things" These paintings are all atractive. But that one is especially attractive because of its use of chiaroscuro. Specially: "Done in a special **manner**." This dish, which is not on the normal menue, was specially prepared for our guest. ## Footnote Specially بیشتر حالت adj و adv داره
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a paragon of virtue
نمونه ای از فضیلت
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Detachment vs. Apathy | ˈæpəθi
Detachment is very different from apathy. Apathy is cutting off, not caring. Detachment is a vital engagement that, rather than locking on to any one story, acknowledges, in all humility, that the future may well contain more than I can imagine right now.
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Perennial | pəˈreniəl
continuing or existing for a long time, or happening again and again | Lack of resources has been a perennial problem since the beginning. دائمی
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# n. Corral | kəˈræl
## Footnote Verb meaning: * to make animals move into a corral *They corralled the cattle before loading them onto the truck.* * to keep people in a particular area, especially in order to control them: *Once at the airport, we were herded to the gate and corralled into a small room.*
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Jaded | ˈdʒeɪdɪd
someone who is jaded is no longer interested in or excited by something, usually because they have experienced too much of it | The concert should satisfy even the most jaded critic. ## Footnote کنسرت باید حتی **خسته** ترین منتقد را هم راضی کند.
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Ephemeral | ɪˈfemərəl
existing or popular for only a short time SYN: transitory | **Fashion is by nature ephemeral.** ## Footnote چقدر مثال زیبایی از کلمه‌س mnemonic: if(ep) he murder( mer) all, if the the cat is able to murder the rates then rats life will be short span
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# N, Adj, Requisite | ˈrekwɪəzɪət ## Footnote Formal
SYN: Necessary | He lacks the requisite qualifications.
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Denigrate | ˈdenəˈɡreɪt
to say things to make someone or something seem less important or good | people who denigrate their own country تحقیر کردن همونایی که ازشون بدت میاد deny+greate می‌کنن ایران رو
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Heuristic | hjʊˈrɪstɪk
1. heuristic education is based on discovering and experiencing things for yourself 2. helping you in the process of learning or discovery ## Footnote سوگیری
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# n. Dichotomy | daɪˈkɒ:təmi ## Footnote (plural dichotomies) [countable]
the difference between two things or ideas that are completely opposite | a dichotomy between his public and private lives ## Footnote دوگانگی Mnemonic: DICHO-'two'+TOMY-'cut' so CUT INTO TWO.
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Orientation meeting | ˌɔːriənˈteɪʃən ## Footnote Formal
جلسه توجیهی
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Meteorite | ˈmiːtiəraɪt
a piece of rock or metal from space that has landed on Earth
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# n. influx | ˈɪnflʌks ## Footnote Countable
the arrival of large numbers of people or large amounts of money, goods etc, especially suddenly | a sudden **influx of** cash ## Footnote مثلا: سیل و باران پول، هجوم مردم
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# n. Flux | flʌks ## Footnote **Uncountable**
a situation in which things are changing a lot and you cannot be sure what will happen | The education system is still **in a state of flux**. ## Footnote نا پایدار و متزلزل
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# v. Soar | sɔːr
to increase quickly to a high level | The price of petrol has soared in recent weeks. ## Footnote اوج گرفتن Mnemonic: SOOOOOOOO ↑rd
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# n. , v. Halt
SYN: Stop ## Footnote Noun: * The President has **called for a halt to** the wave of emigration. (=stop moving or continuing) * Heavy snowfalls **brought** traffic **to a halt** (=made it stop moving). Verb: The government has failed to halt economic decline. (= stop)
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# v. Foreclose | fɔːrˈkloʊz
If a bank or building society forecloses, it takes possession of someone’s property because they have failed to pay back an agreed part of a loan | مصادره کردن ## Footnote Building societies may **foreclose on** a **mortgage** if payments are not kept up.
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# Adj. Superlative | suːˈpɜːrlətɪv
SYN: Excelent | a superlative performance