Esters

Question 1

What test can be used for carboxylic acids?

Answer 1

Add carbonate if present carbon dioxide will form, forming bubbles.

Eg.
2CH3COOH +Na2CO3–> 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O

Question 2

Are carboxylic acids soluble in water?

Answer 2

Completely soluble

Question 3

When two carboxylic acids form hydrogen bonding between each other what do they form?

Answer 3

Forms a carboxylic acid dimer

Question 4

How does a carboxylic acid reaction with a metal?

Answer 4

Carboxylic acid + metal—> metal salt + hydrogen

Question 5

How do carboxylic acids react with metal oxides?

Answer 5

Carboxylic acid + metal oxide—> metal salt + water

Question 6

How does carboxylic acid react with metal carbonates?

Answer 6

Carboxylic + metal carbonate—> metal salt + CO2 + H2O

Question 7

What is the general formula for esters?

Answer 7

R1COOR2
R2 is a carbon atom

Question 8

How do esters form?

Answer 8

Carboxylic acid+ alcohol—>ester + water

Question 9

What are the two condition required to form esters?

Answer 9

1. Strong acid catalyst/ H2SO4

2.heat

Question 10

Example on how to name esters?

Answer 10

Ethanoic acid + propan-1-ol
Carboxylic acid takes priority so the carbons are the main chain.
Ethanoate. The rest are substituents.

Forms
Propylethanoate

Question 11

How do you name esters?

Answer 11

Main chain is from carboxylic acid and treat the alcohol as the side chain

Question 12

What is hydrolysis in acidic conditions?

Answer 12

When an ester reacts with water to form a carboxylic acid + alcohol

Question 13

What are the conditions required for hydrolysis in acidic conditions?

Answer 13

1. Strong acid catalyst

Question 14

What is hydrolysis in alkaline conditions?

Answer 14

Ester + alkali —>salt + alcohol

Example of salt- sodium methanoate

Question 15

Is hydrolysis under alkaline conditions reversible or non reversible?

Answer 15

Non reversible

Question 16

Is hydrolysis in acidic conditions reversible or non reversible?

Answer 16

Reversible

Question 17

What happens to the alkali in hydrolsis in alkaline conditions?

Answer 17

It gets used up

Question 18

What is glycerol?

Answer 18

Propan-1,2,3- triol

Question 19

What kind of bonding does glycol contain?

Answer 19

Hydrogen bonding

Question 20

What type of bonding does glycerol contain?

Answer 20

Hydrogen bonding

Question 21

What is the solubility of glycerol?

Answer 21

Very soluble due to hydrogen bonding

Question 22

Give some uses of glycerol

Answer 22

Medicine
Solvent
Plasticiser
Moisturising agent( stops things from drying out)

Question 23

.

Question 24

.

Question 25

What is the general formula of an acyl chloride?

Answer 25

RCOCl

Question 26

How do we form an acyl chloride?

Answer 26

CH3COOH (l) + SOCl2(l)—> CH3COCl(l) + SO2(g) + HCl(g)

Question 27

How do we name acyl chlorides?

Answer 27

Name carbon chain and then add “anoyl chloride”

Question 28

What is the general formula for an acid anhydride?

Answer 28

RCOOCOR

Question 29

What does an acyl chlorides and water form?

Answer 29

Carboxylic acid + HCl

Question 30

What does an acid anhydride and water form?

Answer 30

2x Carboxylic acid

Question 31

What do acyl chloride react with alcohol to form?

Answer 31

Alcohol + acyl chloride—> ester + HCl

Question 32

What type of reaction is the reaction between acyl chloride + water?

Answer 32

Addition- elimination reaction

Question 33

What type of reaction is the reactoon between acyl chloride + alcohol?

Answer 33

Addition- elimination reaction

Question 34

What does an acyl chloride reacting with ammonia form?

Answer 34

Acyl chloride + ammonia—> amide + HCl Or: Acyl chloride + 2 ammonia —> amide + NH4Cl (Excess ammonia required)

Question 35

What is an amide?

Answer 35

When a carbonyl group is bonded to ammonia

Question 36

What does an acyl chloride reacting with a primary amine form?

Question 37

What is acylation reactoons?

Answer 37

A reaction where you gain an acyl group