Alkane

Question 1

What are saturated hydrocarbons?

Answer 1

Only contain single carbon-carbon bonds

Question 2

What are unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Answer 2

Contains at least one double bond or triple bond

Question 3

What is a functional group?

Answer 3

A group of atoms in a molecule that determines the reactivity if a molecule.

Question 4

What is a homologous series?

Answer 4

A group of compunds that have the same functional group but a different number of CH2 groups.

Question 5

How are molecules chemically reactive in a homologous series?

Answer 5

They have similar chemical reactions.

Question 6

What are responsible for the physical properties of a substance?

Answer 6

The intermolecular forces.

Question 7

The longer the carbon chain, the ____
its melting/boiling point…

Answer 7

Higher

This is because there are more electrons so higher melting point.

Question 8

What is the general formula of an alkane?

Answer 8

CnH2n+2

Question 9

What is a structural isomer?

Answer 9

Same molecular formula but different structural formula.

Question 10

What is a chain isomer?

Answer 10

same functional group just a smaller carbon chain.

Question 11

What is a positional isomer?

Answer 11

Two structural isomers that have the same type of functional groups in a different position in the compound.

Question 12

What is a functional group isomer?

Answer 12

Same molecular formula but different type of functional group

Question 13

what are the problems with CO2(g)

Answer 13

green house gas

Question 14

What problem is there with H2O(g)?

Answer 14

greenhouse gas

Question 15

What problem are there with CO(g)?

Answer 15

toxic
flammable

Question 16

What problem are there with NO(g)

Answer 16

causes acid rain
respiratory issues

Question 17

What problem are there with C(s)/soot?

Answer 17

smog

Question 18

What problem are there with SO2(g)?

Answer 18

respiratory issues
causes acid rain

Question 19

What problem are there with unburnt hydrocarbons

Answer 19

smog

Question 20

how does SO2 form acid rain?

Answer 20

SO2 (g)+ H2O—-> H2SO3(l)

Question 21

what did scientist do to reduce the amount of SO2?

Answer 21

at the top of factories there is a mesh coated with CaO with a large surface area.

SO2(g)+CaO(s)—->CaSO3(s)

Question 22

How does NO(g) form?

Answer 22

in very high temperatures

N2(g)+O2(g)—>2NO(g)
forms

Question 23

How does NO form acid rain?

Answer 23

2NO(g)+O2(g)—>2NO2(g)
4NO2(g)+O2(g)+2H2O(g)
—>4HNO3(l)

Question 24

What did scientist do to reduce C(s) going into the atmosphere?

Answer 24

A filter is put into the car and stops it from going into the atmosphere.

Question 25

What reactions occur inside a catalytic converter?

Answer 25

unburnt hydrocarbon + O2---> H2O(g)+CO(g) 2NO(g)+2CO(g)--->N2(g)+ 2CO2(g)

Question 26

What does each fraction contain?

Answer 26

alkanes of similar properties

Question 27

outline the process of fractional distillation.

Answer 27

1. crude oil is heated in a furnace to make a vapour. 2. the vapour passes through into the column. 3.the column has a negative temperature gradient so the fractions are separated by boiling point. 4. larger molecules condense near the bottom of the column.

Question 28

What is the order of fraction?

Answer 28

Going from bottom to top: 1. Bitumen 2.lubricating oil 3.diesel oil 4.kerosene 5. Petrol 6.gases

Question 29

What is cracking?

Answer 29

the process of taking longer chained carbons and breaking them into smaller more desirable carbon chains.

Question 30

What are the two types of cracking?

Answer 30

Thermal and catalytic.

Question 31

what are the conditions for thermal cracking?

Answer 31

700-1000degreess 1000KPa

Question 32

What are the products formed by thermal cracking?

Answer 32

one alkane and one more alkenes

Question 33

what are the conditions required for catalytic cracking?

Answer 33

525-700 degrees 100kPa zeolite catalyst

Question 34

What products are formed by catalytic cracking?

Answer 34

branched alkanes aromatic compounds cycloalkanes

Question 35

what are the advantages of thermal crackling

Answer 35

produces alkenes which are used for plastics

Question 36

what are the disadvantages of thermal cracking?

Answer 36

expensive due to high pressures and temperatures

Question 37

what are the advantages of catalytic cracking?

Answer 37

the catalyst makes it a quicker and cheaper process produces branched alkanes which can be used for car fuels.

Question 38

what are the disadvantages of catalytic cracking?

Answer 38

can be expensive due to zeolites needing to be repaired.