ETC + Oxidative

Question 1

ETC utilizes what high energy molecules from where

Answer 1

FADH2 - TCA
NADH - glycolysis and TCA

Question 2

Goal of Malate shuttle

Answer 2

Get NADH from cytosol to mitochondria

Question 3

Basics of Malate shuttle

Answer 3

1: H on NADH to OAA creating NAD+/ malate
2: malate is shuttled through
3: turned back into NADH by removing H from OAA

Question 4

What happens to OAA in mitochondria

Answer 4

Turned to aspartate by glut —->α ketogluterate

Question 5

Aspartate in mitochondria does what

Answer 5

Crosses back to cytosol and turns into OAA

*α ketoglutarate also crosses back to cytosol to help aspartate turn back to OAA

Question 6

Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase is present in

Answer 6

Cytosol and mitochondrial membrane

Question 7

End goal of glyceraol 3 phosphate shuttle

Answer 7

FAD to FADH2

Question 8

Downside of glyceraol 3 phosphate shuttle

Answer 8

You’re making FADH2 which will eventually make less ATP than NADH2

Question 9

Complex 1 aka

Answer 9

NADH dehydrogenase

Question 10

Which complex oxidizes NADH

Answer 10

I

Question 11

Where do electrons from NADH from NADH dehydrogenase go

Answer 11

Coenzyme Q

Question 12

What does CoQ do

Answer 12

Shuttles electrons to complex III, skipping complex II

Question 13

Complex I key intermediates

Answer 13

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) B2 -riboflavin

Iron sulfur compounds (FeS)
Donate e- to CoQ through Fe-S clusters

Question 14

Complex II aka

Answer 14

Succinate dehydrogenase - TCA cycle enzyme

Question 15

Overall goal of complex II

Answer 15

Turns succinate —> fumarate
Which makes FADH2
And then transports FADH2 electrons —> CoQ

Question 16

Complex III aka

Answer 16

Cytochrome bc1

Question 17

What does cytochrome Bc1 do

Answer 17

Takes electrons from CoQ and transfers them to cytochrome C

Question 18

2 key differences in NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase

Answer 18

ND: pumps H+ And it utilizes NADH2

SD: doesn’t pump and it utilzes FADH2

Question 19

Which complexes shuttle H+ and how much do they shuttle

Answer 19

I = 4H+
III = 2H+
IV = 4H+

Question 20

What does cytochrome c do

Answer 20

Shuffles e- from III to IV

Question 21

Complex IV aka

Answer 21

Cytochrome c oxidase

Question 22

Complex IV contains

Answer 22

Copper

Question 23

Complex IV does what

Answer 23

Combines all the e- that have been going down the chain with O2 to make water

Question 24

Sub level phosphorylation occurs with an

Answer 24

Enzyme

Question 25

Complex V aka

Answer 25

ATP synthase

Question 26

_ ATP generated from NADH _ ATP generated from FADH2

Answer 26

3 2

Question 27

If you use the malate shuttle how many ____ turn up in the mitochondria

Answer 27

6 NADH

Question 28

If you use the glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle how many ____ turn up in the mitochondria

Answer 28

4 FADH2

Question 29

What solely use substrate level ATP and why

Answer 29

Mature RBC because they have no mitochondria

Question 30

Outer membrane is ____ , inner membrane is ____

Answer 30

Permeable Impermeable

Question 31

Inner membranes insides called

Answer 31

Matrix

Question 32

Path of e- from complex 1

Answer 32

I —> III —> complex IV

Question 33

Path of e- from complex II

Answer 33

II —> III —> IV

Question 34

How many protons pumped through complex I path

Answer 34

10

Question 35

How many protons pumped through complex II path

Answer 35

6

Question 36

What inactivates NADH dehydrogenase

Answer 36

Rotenone Riboflavin deficiency

Question 37

What inactivates complex II

Answer 37

Malonate

Question 38

What inactivates complex III why

Answer 38

Fe deficiency Because complex III contains heme which has iron in it

Question 39

What inactivates complex IV

Answer 39

Cyanide Carbon monoxide Fe and Cu deficiency

Question 40

What do cyanide and carbon monoxide do?

Answer 40

Block complex IV This means we can breathe in O2 but we can’t breathe out and make energy

Question 41

Driving force of ATP synthesis

Answer 41

Electro-chemical potential

Question 42

Electro-chemical potential meaning

Answer 42

Electro bc of membrane potential: + outside, negative inside Chemical bc it involves proton particles

Question 43

CoQ aka

Answer 43

Ubiquinone

Question 44

Ubiquinone problem

Answer 44

Passes one e- at a time Which creates a semiquinone Which is a free radical This goes on to damage lipids, proteins, DNA

Question 45

What is the electro potential you want to make atp

Answer 45

Want outserside of inner membrane more + therefore the pH would be lower too

Question 46

___ is a protein complex

Answer 46

ATP synthase

Question 47

F0 unit is where

Answer 47

In inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 48

F1 unit is

Answer 48

In the matrix

Question 49

How many protons do you need to move the ATP synthase channel 360 and how many ATP does this make

Answer 49

12 protons 3 atp

Question 50

A coupled reaction

Answer 50

Oxidation and phosphorylation simultaneously

Question 51

What type of transport is adenosine nucleotide translocate

Answer 51

Antiporter

Question 52

What type of transporter is ATP synthase

Answer 52

Uniporter

Question 53

What type of transporter is phosphate translocase

Answer 53

Symporter

Question 54

What’s a strong stimulator of oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 54

ADP

Question 55

Oligomycin does what

Answer 55

Binds to Fo of ATP synthase This blocks the channel And inhibits protein synthesis Which lowers our amount of ATP and increases our amount of ADP high ADP enhances ETC Which creates a huge amount of H+ in inner membrane space And the whole ETC stops

Question 56

DNP is a

Answer 56

Weak acid

Question 57

In the inter membrane space DNP is

Answer 57

Protonated It can cross membrane cuz its hydrophobic

Question 58

In the matrix DNP is

Answer 58

Deprotonated

Question 59

Why does DNP stop ATP synthesis

Answer 59

Because it gets in the matrix and starts depositing H+ everywhere This makes the H+ gradient our body is trying to get wrecked bc instead of high H+ outside matrix now we have high H+ inside

Question 60

Thermogenin aka

Answer 60

Uncoupling protein (UCP)

Question 61

Where do you see thermogenin

Answer 61

Hibernating animals Brown adipocyte of newborns

Question 62

What does uncoupling protein(UCP)/Thermogenin do

Answer 62

Uses H gradient to form heat instead of ATP

Question 63

Thermogenin is a

Answer 63

Physical channel inside the mitochondrial inner membrane It sits beside ATP synthase

Question 64

If you have elevated ADP/ATP what happens to metabolism

Answer 64

ETC increases TCA increases Catabolism increases Macronutrient degradation increases

Question 65

If you have reduced ADP/ATP what happens to metabolism

Answer 65

ETC decreases TCA decreases Anabolism increases Macromolecule synthesis increases