Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CBFM Final > ETC + Oxidative > Flashcards

ETC + Oxidative Flashcards

1
Q

ETC utilizes what high energy molecules from where

A

FADH2 - TCA
NADH - glycolysis and TCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Goal of Malate shuttle

A

Get NADH from cytosol to mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Basics of Malate shuttle

A

1: H on NADH to OAA creating NAD+/ malate
2: malate is shuttled through
3: turned back into NADH by removing H from OAA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens to OAA in mitochondria

A

Turned to aspartate by glut —->α ketogluterate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aspartate in mitochondria does what

A

Crosses back to cytosol and turns into OAA

*α ketoglutarate also crosses back to cytosol to help aspartate turn back to OAA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase is present in

A

Cytosol and mitochondrial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

End goal of glyceraol 3 phosphate shuttle

A

FAD to FADH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Downside of glyceraol 3 phosphate shuttle

A

You’re making FADH2 which will eventually make less ATP than NADH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Complex 1 aka

A

NADH dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which complex oxidizes NADH

A

I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do electrons from NADH from NADH dehydrogenase go

A

Coenzyme Q

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does CoQ do

A

Shuttles electrons to complex III, skipping complex II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Complex I key intermediates

A

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) B2 -riboflavin

Iron sulfur compounds (FeS)
Donate e- to CoQ through Fe-S clusters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Complex II aka

A

Succinate dehydrogenase - TCA cycle enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Overall goal of complex II

A

Turns succinate —> fumarate
Which makes FADH2
And then transports FADH2 electrons —> CoQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Complex III aka

A

Cytochrome bc1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does cytochrome Bc1 do

A

Takes electrons from CoQ and transfers them to cytochrome C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2 key differences in NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase

A

ND: pumps H+ And it utilizes NADH2

SD: doesn’t pump and it utilzes FADH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which complexes shuttle H+ and how much do they shuttle

A

I = 4H+
III = 2H+
IV = 4H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does cytochrome c do

A

Shuffles e- from III to IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Complex IV aka

A

Cytochrome c oxidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Complex IV contains

A

Copper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Complex IV does what

A

Combines all the e- that have been going down the chain with O2 to make water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sub level phosphorylation occurs with an

A

Enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Complex V aka

A

ATP synthase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

_ ATP generated from NADH
_ ATP generated from FADH2

A

3
2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

If you use the malate shuttle how many ____ turn up in the mitochondria

A

6 NADH

28
Q

If you use the glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle how many ____ turn up in the mitochondria

A

4 FADH2

29
Q

What solely use substrate level ATP and why

A

Mature RBC because they have no mitochondria

30
Q

Outer membrane is ____ , inner membrane is ____

A

Permeable
Impermeable

31
Q

Inner membranes insides called

A

Matrix

32
Q

Path of e- from complex 1

A

I —> III —> complex IV

33
Q

Path of e- from complex II

A

II —> III —> IV

34
Q

How many protons pumped through complex I path

A

10

35
Q

How many protons pumped through complex II path

A

6

36
Q

What inactivates NADH dehydrogenase

A

Rotenone
Riboflavin deficiency

37
Q

What inactivates complex II

A

Malonate

38
Q

What inactivates complex III why

A

Fe deficiency
Because complex III contains heme which has iron in it

39
Q

What inactivates complex IV

A

Cyanide
Carbon monoxide
Fe and Cu deficiency

40
Q

What do cyanide and carbon monoxide do?

A

Block complex IV

This means we can breathe in O2 but we can’t breathe out and make energy

41
Q

Driving force of ATP synthesis

A

Electro-chemical potential

42
Q

Electro-chemical potential meaning

A

Electro bc of membrane potential: + outside, negative inside

Chemical bc it involves proton particles

43
Q

CoQ aka

A

Ubiquinone

44
Q

Ubiquinone problem

A

Passes one e- at a time

Which creates a semiquinone

Which is a free radical

This goes on to damage lipids, proteins, DNA

45
Q

What is the electro potential you want to make atp

A

Want outserside of inner membrane more +

therefore the pH would be lower too

46
Q

___ is a protein complex

A

ATP synthase

47
Q

F0 unit is where

A

In inner mitochondrial membrane

48
Q

F1 unit is

A

In the matrix

49
Q

How many protons do you need to move the ATP synthase channel 360 and how many ATP does this make

A

12 protons

3 atp

50
Q

A coupled reaction

A

Oxidation and phosphorylation simultaneously

51
Q

What type of transport is adenosine nucleotide translocate

A

Antiporter

52
Q

What type of transporter is ATP synthase

A

Uniporter

53
Q

What type of transporter is phosphate translocase

A

Symporter

54
Q

What’s a strong stimulator of oxidative phosphorylation

A

ADP

55
Q

Oligomycin does what

A

Binds to Fo of ATP synthase

This blocks the channel

And inhibits protein synthesis

Which lowers our amount of ATP and increases our amount of ADP

high ADP enhances ETC

Which creates a huge amount of H+ in inner membrane space

And the whole ETC stops

56
Q

DNP is a

A

Weak acid

57
Q

In the inter membrane space DNP is

A

Protonated
It can cross membrane cuz its hydrophobic

58
Q

In the matrix DNP is

A

Deprotonated

59
Q

Why does DNP stop ATP synthesis

A

Because it gets in the matrix and starts depositing H+ everywhere

This makes the H+ gradient our body is trying to get wrecked bc instead of high H+ outside matrix now we have high H+ inside

60
Q

Thermogenin aka

A

Uncoupling protein (UCP)

61
Q

Where do you see thermogenin

A

Hibernating animals
Brown adipocyte of newborns

62
Q

What does uncoupling protein(UCP)/Thermogenin do

A

Uses H gradient to form heat instead of ATP

63
Q

Thermogenin is a

A

Physical channel inside the mitochondrial inner membrane

It sits beside ATP synthase

64
Q

If you have elevated ADP/ATP what happens to metabolism

A

ETC increases
TCA increases
Catabolism increases
Macronutrient degradation increases

65
Q

If you have reduced ADP/ATP what happens to metabolism

A

ETC decreases
TCA decreases
Anabolism increases
Macromolecule synthesis increases

CBFM Final (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions