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CBFM Final > PPP, PDH Comples, TCA > Flashcards

PPP, PDH Comples, TCA Flashcards

1
Q

Where does PPP occur

A

Cytoplasm

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2
Q

What is the first thing to do when glucose gets to a cell

A

PPP

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3
Q

Substrate for PPP

A

G6P

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4
Q

Main role of PPP

A

Produce NADPH

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5
Q

Second main role of PPP

A

Make ribose 5 phosphate for nucleotide synthesis

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6
Q

What is NADPH used for

A

Synthesis of molecules
Production of fat
Protection against ROS
Detoxify xenobiotics

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7
Q

First step of PPP is

A

Irreversible

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8
Q

What are the two phases of PPP

A

Oxidative (making)
irreversible
Nonoxidative (making)
reversible

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9
Q

What are key enzymes in oxidative path of PPP

A

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase!!!!! Very important

6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase

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10
Q

What are the 2 important products of oxidative PPP

A

NADPH - used for anabolism

5 carbon sugar - ribulose 5 phosphate - used for DNA/RNA synthesis

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11
Q

What’s the most common genetic disease in the world

A

G6PDH deficiency

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12
Q

What part of PPP is thiamine dependent

A

Non-oxidative transketolase (C2 unit)
Beri beri

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13
Q

2 important parts of non-oxidative PPP

A

Transketolase C2 unit

Transaldolase C3 unit

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14
Q

Non-oxidative involves

A

Carbohydrates with different number of carbons

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15
Q

How does PPP connect to glycolysis

A

Via F6P or glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate

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16
Q

How do you regulate PPP

A

NADPH!

It inhibits G6PD

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17
Q

The liver G6PD is ______ enzyme by _____

A

Inducible

Insulin

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18
Q

What kind of eating would favor PPP

A

a high insulin/glucagon ratio
high carb meal

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19
Q

How is the PPP self regulated

A

By looping back to glycolysis

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20
Q

G6PDH deficiency is x-linked recessive which means

A

It’s more prevalent in males

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21
Q

G6PDH deficiency is _____ induced by _____

A

Hemolysis

Oxidative stresses

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22
Q

How does pyruvate get from cytoplasm to mitochondria

A

2 step process

1: cross mitochondria outer mem thru voltage-dependent anions channel (VDAC) with Pi

2: then its moved to the matrix through pyruvate symporter with a proton
energy consuming step

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23
Q

Which step in getting pyruvate from cytoplasm to mito is energy consuming

A

To the matrix with a proton

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24
Q

Where does PDH happen

A

Mitochondria

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25
Q

What does PDH do

A

Turns pyruvate to acetyl CoA

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26
Q

When does PDH happen

A

When you have a low ATP/ADP

And enough oxygen

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27
Q

What are the 5 cofactors of PDH

A

Tender loving care for Nancy

T = thiamine (B1) pyrophosphate
L = lipoid acid
C = CoA (B5)
F = FAD (B2)
N = NAD+ (B3)

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28
Q

5 enzymes of PDH

A

E1
E2
E3
PDH kinase
PDH Phosphatase

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29
Q

E1 of PDH function

A

Assist in attaching acetyl group of pyruvate to TPP and releasing CO2

30
Q

E2 of PDH function

A

Transfers acetyl group from TPP to lipamide 1 and then lipamide 2

Moves the acetyl group, to CoA to make acetyl CoA

31
Q

E3 of PDH function

A

Reoxidized the lipoamide, this is necessary for the process to continue

32
Q

Write the PDH reaction

A

Pyruvate + CoA + NAD

=

acetyl CoA + NADH + CO2

33
Q

Steps catalyzed with E1

A

Decarboxylation of pyruvate oxidation of product

34
Q

Steps catalyzed E2

A

Transfer of acetyl group to coenzyme A

35
Q

Steps catalyzed E3

A

Transfer of electrons to NAD+

36
Q

Coenzyme A components

A

Pantothenic acid (B5)
3’5’ AMP
-SH group
Acetyl CoA - acetyl replaces the H on SH to form acetyl CoA

37
Q

What is the first level of regulating PDH

A

Substrate activation and product inhibition

38
Q

What are activators of PDH activity

A

Pyruvate, CoASH and NAD

39
Q

What are inhibitors of PDH

A

Acetyl CoA and NADH

40
Q

What is the second level in regulating PDH

A

Covalent modification

41
Q

Second level of PDH reg inhibitors

A

Phosphorylation by PDH kinase

42
Q

Second level of PDH reg activation

A

Dephosphorylation by PDH Phosphatase

43
Q

What does NOT reg PDH activity

A

Glucagon and insulin

44
Q

What are activators PDH process that are allosteric

What are they activating

What are they a saying

A

NADH
Acetyl CoA

PDH kinase

We have enough energy, slow down

45
Q

What are activators of PDH phosphatase

A

Mg2+
Ca2+

46
Q

What are inhibitors PDH kinase and what are they all

A

allosteric regulation

CoA
ADP
Pyruvate
NAD+

47
Q

PDH deficiency symptoms

A

Increased pyruvate
Increased lactate
Increased alanine

=chronic lactic acidosis

SEVERE NEUROLOGICAL DEFECTS which eventually lead to DEATH

48
Q

How do you fix PDH deficiency

A

A diet with reduced carbohydrates
an inhibitor of PDH kinase called, Dicholoroacetate

49
Q

Primary thiamine deficiency =

A

Limited thiamine intake

50
Q

Secondary thiamine deficiency

A

Alcoholism with reduced
thiamine ingestion
thiamine absorption

51
Q

Arsenic toxicity on PDH

A

Inhibits lipoid acid-PDH interaction
Inhibits ATP synthesis

Symptoms = weak, lethargic, nausea, vomiting, TRAVERSE LINE in finger nails

52
Q

E1 is

A

α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

53
Q

B1 is a cofactor for _____

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase - in glycolysis
Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase - in TCA
Transketolase - in PPP
Branched chain AA dehydrogenase in - AA catabolism

54
Q

End product of TCA

A

Water
2CO2
Release energy

55
Q

ETC aka

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

56
Q

TCA generates _ NADH and _ FADH2 for ____

A

3

1

ETC/oxidative phosphorylation

57
Q

___ GTP is made in TCA by ___

A

1

Substrate level phosphorylation

58
Q

TCA is ____ dependent

A

O2 dependent

59
Q

Everyone but RBC depend on

A

TCA

60
Q

TCA is why we need to

A

Breathe and exhale

61
Q

7/8 enzymes of TCA are located _____ the 1/8 is ____ and its called _______

A

Mito matrix

In the inner membrane

Succinate dehydrogenase - its a member of ETC

62
Q

TCA mnemonic

A

Can I Keep Selling Sex for Money Officer

C = citrate
I = isocitrate
K = α - ketogluterate
S = succinyl CoA
S = succinate
F = fumarate
M = maleate
O = oxaloacetate

63
Q

_____ level of NADH inhibit TCA by inhibiting

A

High

Citrate synthase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
α - ketoglutarate dehydorgenase

64
Q

High concentration of citrate tells TCA

A

Inhibit citrate synthase

65
Q

____ concentration of calcium tells TCA

A

High

Activates α-ketogluturate dehydrogenase

66
Q

What are regulated in parallel

A

TCA and PDH

67
Q

What is overal inhibiting to TCA

A

High ATP and succinyl-CoA

68
Q

What is overall activating TCA

A

High ADP
High ca2+

69
Q

Anaplerosis is

A

Synthesizing and replenishing the intermediates of TCA

70
Q

Cataplerosis is

A

Intermediates escaping from TCA and making other molecules

71
Q

TCA is mainly regulated by ____ needs. Specifically

A

Energy

NADH/NAD ratio
ATP/ADP ratio

72
Q

TCA is very _____ and irreversible or reversible

A

Dynamic and reversible

CBFM Final (18 decks)

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