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CBFM Final > PPP, PDH Comples, TCA > Flashcards

PPP, PDH Comples, TCA Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Where does PPP occur

A

Cytoplasm

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2
Q

What is the first thing to do when glucose gets to a cell

A

PPP

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3
Q

Substrate for PPP

A

G6P

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4
Q

Main role of PPP

A

Produce NADPH

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5
Q

Second main role of PPP

A

Make ribose 5 phosphate for nucleotide synthesis

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6
Q

What is NADPH used for

A

Synthesis of molecules
Production of fat
Protection against ROS
Detoxify xenobiotics

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7
Q

First step of PPP is

A

Irreversible

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8
Q

What are the two phases of PPP

A

Oxidative (making)
irreversible
Nonoxidative (making)
reversible

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9
Q

What are key enzymes in oxidative path of PPP

A

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase!!!!! Very important

6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase

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10
Q

What are the 2 important products of oxidative PPP

A

NADPH - used for anabolism

5 carbon sugar - ribulose 5 phosphate - used for DNA/RNA synthesis

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11
Q

What’s the most common genetic disease in the world

A

G6PDH deficiency

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12
Q

What part of PPP is thiamine dependent

A

Non-oxidative transketolase (C2 unit)
Beri beri

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13
Q

2 important parts of non-oxidative PPP

A

Transketolase C2 unit

Transaldolase C3 unit

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14
Q

Non-oxidative involves

A

Carbohydrates with different number of carbons

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15
Q

How does PPP connect to glycolysis

A

Via F6P or glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate

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16
Q

How do you regulate PPP

A

NADPH!

It inhibits G6PD

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17
Q

The liver G6PD is ______ enzyme by _____

A

Inducible

Insulin

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18
Q

What kind of eating would favor PPP

A

a high insulin/glucagon ratio
high carb meal

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19
Q

How is the PPP self regulated

A

By looping back to glycolysis

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20
Q

G6PDH deficiency is x-linked recessive which means

A

It’s more prevalent in males

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21
Q

G6PDH deficiency is _____ induced by _____

A

Hemolysis

Oxidative stresses

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22
Q

How does pyruvate get from cytoplasm to mitochondria

A

2 step process

1: cross mitochondria outer mem thru voltage-dependent anions channel (VDAC) with Pi

2: then its moved to the matrix through pyruvate symporter with a proton
energy consuming step

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23
Q

Which step in getting pyruvate from cytoplasm to mito is energy consuming

A

To the matrix with a proton

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24
Q

Where does PDH happen

A

Mitochondria

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25
What does PDH do
Turns pyruvate to acetyl CoA
26
When does PDH happen
When you have a low ATP/ADP And enough oxygen
27
What are the 5 cofactors of PDH
Tender loving care for Nancy T = thiamine (B1) pyrophosphate L = lipoid acid C = CoA (B5) F = FAD (B2) N = NAD+ (B3)
28
5 enzymes of PDH
E1 E2 E3 PDH kinase PDH Phosphatase
29
E1 of PDH function
Assist in attaching acetyl group of pyruvate to TPP and releasing CO2
30
E2 of PDH function
Transfers acetyl group from TPP to lipamide 1 and then lipamide 2 Moves the acetyl group, to CoA to make acetyl CoA
31
E3 of PDH function
Reoxidized the lipoamide, this is necessary for the process to continue
32
Write the PDH reaction
Pyruvate + CoA + NAD = acetyl CoA + NADH + CO2
33
Steps catalyzed with E1
Decarboxylation of pyruvate oxidation of product
34
Steps catalyzed E2
Transfer of acetyl group to coenzyme A
35
Steps catalyzed E3
Transfer of electrons to NAD+
36
Coenzyme A components
Pantothenic acid (B5) 3’5’ AMP -SH group Acetyl CoA - acetyl replaces the H on SH to form acetyl CoA
37
What is the first level of regulating PDH
Substrate activation and product inhibition
38
What are activators of PDH activity
Pyruvate, CoASH and NAD
39
What are inhibitors of PDH
Acetyl CoA and NADH
40
What is the second level in regulating PDH
Covalent modification
41
Second level of PDH reg inhibitors
Phosphorylation by PDH kinase
42
Second level of PDH reg activation
Dephosphorylation by PDH Phosphatase
43
What does NOT reg PDH activity
Glucagon and insulin
44
What are activators PDH process that are allosteric What are they activating What are they a saying
NADH Acetyl CoA PDH kinase We have enough energy, slow down
45
What are activators of PDH phosphatase
Mg2+ Ca2+
46
What are inhibitors PDH kinase and what are they all
allosteric regulation CoA ADP Pyruvate NAD+
47
PDH deficiency symptoms
Increased pyruvate Increased lactate Increased alanine =chronic lactic acidosis SEVERE NEUROLOGICAL DEFECTS which eventually lead to DEATH
48
How do you fix PDH deficiency
A diet with reduced carbohydrates an inhibitor of PDH kinase called, Dicholoroacetate
49
Primary thiamine deficiency =
Limited thiamine intake
50
Secondary thiamine deficiency
Alcoholism with reduced thiamine ingestion thiamine absorption
51
Arsenic toxicity on PDH
Inhibits lipoid acid-PDH interaction Inhibits ATP synthesis Symptoms = weak, lethargic, nausea, vomiting, TRAVERSE LINE in finger nails
52
E1 is
α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
53
B1 is a cofactor for _____
Pyruvate dehydrogenase - in glycolysis Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase - in TCA Transketolase - in PPP Branched chain AA dehydrogenase in - AA catabolism
54
End product of TCA
Water 2CO2 Release energy
55
ETC aka
Oxidative phosphorylation
56
TCA generates _ NADH and _ FADH2 for ____
3 1 ETC/oxidative phosphorylation
57
___ GTP is made in TCA by ___
1 Substrate level phosphorylation
58
TCA is ____ dependent
O2 dependent
59
Everyone but RBC depend on
TCA
60
TCA is why we need to
Breathe and exhale
61
7/8 enzymes of TCA are located _____ the 1/8 is ____ and its called _______
Mito matrix In the inner membrane Succinate dehydrogenase - its a member of ETC
62
TCA mnemonic
Can I Keep Selling Sex for Money Officer C = citrate I = isocitrate K = α - ketogluterate S = succinyl CoA S = succinate F = fumarate M = maleate O = oxaloacetate
63
_____ level of NADH inhibit TCA by inhibiting
High Citrate synthase Isocitrate dehydrogenase α - ketoglutarate dehydorgenase
64
High concentration of citrate tells TCA
Inhibit citrate synthase
65
____ concentration of calcium tells TCA
High Activates α-ketogluturate dehydrogenase
66
What are regulated in parallel
TCA and PDH
67
What is overal inhibiting to TCA
High ATP and succinyl-CoA
68
What is overall activating TCA
High ADP High ca2+
69
Anaplerosis is
Synthesizing and replenishing the intermediates of TCA
70
Cataplerosis is
Intermediates escaping from TCA and making other molecules
71
TCA is mainly regulated by ____ needs. Specifically
Energy NADH/NAD ratio ATP/ADP ratio
72
TCA is very _____ and irreversible or reversible
Dynamic and reversible

CBFM Final (18 decks)

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