Overall Things I Keep Getting Wrong

Question 1

Mnemonic for heme sythesis

Answer 1

Ala pros hyd meth under corporations power houses

Question 2

Where does lead poisoning act

Answer 2

It inhibits
Ala dehydratase enzyme so you’ll have a build up of ala

And
Ferrochelatase

Competes with ca2+

Question 3

What does glycogen phosphorylase need

Answer 3

PLP

Question 4

Which end of glycogen does glycogen phosphorylase attack

Answer 4

Non reducing end

Question 5

Glycogen phosphorylase when its phosphorylated

Answer 5

ACTIVE
FAST state

Question 6

Glycogen synthase when its NOT phosphorylated

Answer 6

ACTIVE
FED state

Question 7

Symptoms of acute intermittent porphyria

Answer 7

5 P’s
Painful abdomen
Port wine urin
Polyneuropathy
Psychological disturbances
Precipitated by drugs alcohol and starvation

Question 8

How do you treat AIP

Answer 8

Glucose and heme

Question 9

Most common porphyria inhibits what enzyme

Answer 9

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

Question 10

What path is G6P dehydrogenase apart of

Answer 10

PPP

Question 11

Malate to OAA makes and conversely

Answer 11

NADH

OAA to malate uses NADH

Question 12

What pathway is pyruvate dehydrogenase in/ what does it do

Answer 12

Pyruvate——>Acetyl CoA

TCA

Question 13

What pathway is pyruvate carboxylase apart of what does it do

Answer 13

Pyruvate —>OAA
TCA
GNG

Question 14

What does pyruvate carboxylase need with it

Answer 14

CO2
ATP
Biotin

Question 15

Alanine aminotransferase does what and where

Answer 15

Pyruvate<—>alanine
Cytoplasm

Question 16

Acetyl can go to make

Answer 16

FA
Cholesterol
TCA cycle

Question 17

Pyruvate<-?->lactate
Where

Answer 17

Lactate dehydrogenase
Cytoplasm
RBC
During strenous muscle activity

Question 18

What does pyruvate<—>lactate make

Answer 18

regenerates NAD+

Question 19

what can inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase

Answer 19

NADH from FA

Question 20

First barrier to cross in GNG all the enzyme names

Answer 20

Pyruvate —pyruvate carboxylase—> OAA

OAA —PEP carboxykinase—>PEP

If it goes

pyruvate > OAA —malate dehydrogenase—> malate

Question 21

Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate -?-> fructose 6 phosphate

And vice versa

Answer 21

Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase

PFK1

Question 22

Glucose 6 phosphate -?-> glucose

And vice versa

Answer 22

Glucose 6 phosphatase

Hexokinase/glucokinase

Question 23

Glucose 6 phosphatase and fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase are both

Answer 23

Inducible by glucagon

Question 24

Glucose 6 phosphatase is used where

Answer 24

GNG and glycogen pathway

Question 25

Tyrosine effects with def in dihydrobiopterin reductase or dihydrobiopterin synthetase

Answer 25

Decreased catecholamines

Question 26

Tyrptophan effects with def in dihydrobiopterin reductase or dihydrobiopterin synthetase

Answer 26

Decreased serotonin

Question 27

Trigger for all alcohol problems

Answer 27

Excess NADH

Question 28

How does NADH inhibit TCA cycle

Answer 28

Inhibits is citrate dehydrogenase And Inhibits α-ΚG dehydrogenase And It favors the production of Malate NOT OAA

Question 29

When NADH is high from drinking which does it favor OAA or Malate What does this result in

Answer 29

Malate Results in decreased GNG = hypoglycemia

Question 30

Why do alcoholics have lactic acidosis

Answer 30

Bc their body has way too much NADH so it needs to regenerate more NAD+. IT does this by utilizing pyruvate>lactate path bc this takes NADH and makes NAD+. The result is a ton of lactate

Question 31

What is an activator of acetyl CoA carboxylase and what does it do

Answer 31

Citrate is an activator Acetyl-CoA —-acetyl CoA Carboxylase—> malonyl CoA—— β oxidation

Question 32

What does insulin do in the adipose tissue

Answer 32

Dephosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and lipase in adipose tissue

Question 33

What does insulin do in muscle

Answer 33

Dephosphorylates glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase

Question 34

Glycolysis RLE

Answer 34

PFK1

Question 35

GNG RLE

Answer 35

Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase

Question 36

TCA RLE

Answer 36

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 37

Glycogen synthesis RLE

Answer 37

Glycogen synthase

Question 38

glycogenolysis RLE

Answer 38

Glycogen phosphorylase

Question 39

HMP shunt RLE

Answer 39

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)

Question 40

De novo pyrimidine sythesis RLE

Answer 40

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II

Question 41

De novo purine sythesis RLE

Answer 41

Glutamine PRPP amidotransferase Aka AMIDOPHOSPHORIBOSYL transferase

Question 42

Urea cycle RLE

Answer 42

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

Question 43

Fatty acid sythesis RLE

Answer 43

Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC)

Question 44

Fatty acid oxidation RLE

Answer 44

Carnitine acyltransferase I

Question 45

Ketogenesis RLE

Answer 45

HMG CoA synthetase During ketogenesis you can have a lot of KiSs chocolate

Question 46

Cholesterol sythesis RLE

Answer 46

HMG CoA reductase She you make a lot of cholesterol you’re fat and angry and you “see (C) Red”

Question 47

β cells release what vs α cells

Answer 47

β = insulin α = glucagon Glucagon has an a so glucagon is alpha

Question 48

When you’re fasting what is increasing

Answer 48

Glucagon Triglyceride hydrolysis Glycogen degration GNG KB production Release of AA

Question 49

When you are fed what is being synthesized

Answer 49

Triglycerides Glycogen FA VLDL Protein - replenish any protein degraded during previous post absorptive period

Question 50

When you see insulin think

Answer 50

DEPHOSPHORYLATION by activating phosphatase

Question 51

Which enzymes does insulin work INdirectly on what do they do

Answer 51

PFK2 and fructose 2,6bisphosphatase Increases level of fructose 2,6 bisphosphate which activates PFK1 and continues glycolysis

Question 52

When you see glucagon think

Answer 52

PHOSPHORYLATION by PKA (protein kinase)

Question 53

What are they key enzymes glucagon phosphorylates

Answer 53

Pyruvate kinase Glycogen sythase Glycogen phosphorylase Acetly CoA carboxylase

Question 54

What + activates PEP>Pyruvate

Answer 54

Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate

Question 55

What do insulin and glucagon act on in β oxidation

Answer 55

Hormone sensitive lipase

Question 56

glucagon receptor is what and what does it do

Answer 56

G protein coupled receptor Increases adenylate cyclase Which turns ATP to cAMP Which activates kinase a Which PHOSPHORYLATES

Question 57

Insulin receptor is what and what does it do

Answer 57

Tyrosine kinase receptor It triggers protein phosphatases Which will DEPHOSPHORYLATE

Question 58

What are all the enzymes in FA synthesis insulin induces and which are the ones that have a special function

Answer 58

Malic enzyme - NADPH G6PDH - increase NADPH FA sythase Acetly CoA carboxylase Citrate lyase

Question 59

LPL in response to insulin and glucagon and why

Answer 59

Insulin increases it in adipose BC we want to break down triglycerides into FA for storage Glucagon decreases it in adipose BC we don’t want that

Question 60

Fight of flight in the liver vs skeletal muscle

Answer 60

Liver will have phosphorylation of PFK2 and F2,6bisphosphatase. The result is to decrease glycolysis here and increase GNG. Muscle will have phosphorylation of PFK2 and F2,6 bisphosphatase. This will result in an increase of glycolysis here.