Nucleotides

Question 1

Functions of nucleotides

Answer 1

1. Make up DNA and RNA sythesis
2. Provide energy - ATP, GTP
3. Part of cofactors/coenzymes - FAD, NAD CoA
4. Carry active intermediates - UDPglucose, CDP diacylglycerol
5. Act as Second messengers - cAMP, cGMP
6. Regulate pathways in metabolism - enzyme activation and inhibition

Question 2

OMP formation

Answer 2

N. Base formed before then attached to sugar

NitrOgenous 1st

Question 3

IMP formation

Answer 3

Sugar is already formed and you add N. Base 1 @ a time

Question 4

Nucleotide vs side

Answer 4

Side is just the sugar and n. Base

Tide is the sugar and n. Base and phosphate

Question 5

Ingredients to make a sugar ring (the first step in making _____)

This process needs what cofactors and what energy

Answer 5

Ribose 5 phosphate —prpp synthetase—-> PRPP

Purine

Mg2+
ATP—>AMP

Question 6

AMP + ATP —-> ______
And what enzyme is used

Answer 6

2ADP

Adenylate kinase

Question 7

GMP + ATP —->. ______

And what enzyme is used

Answer 7

GDP + ADP

Guanylate kinase

Question 8

When making purines what does ribonucleotide reductase help with

Answer 8

Turning GDP or ADP —-> dGDP or dADP (respectively) and from there —-> DNA

Question 9

Enzyme that turns PRPP —-> 5 phosphoribosyl amine

Answer 9

AMIDOPHOSPHORIBOSYL TRASFERASE

Aka

GLUTAMINE PHOSPHORIBOSYL AMIDOTRANSFERASE

Question 10

IMP —-?—-> adenylosuccinate

Answer 10

Adenylosuccinate synthetase

Question 11

IMP ——?——> XMP

Answer 11

IMP dehydrogenase

Question 12

What inhibits PRPP synthetase

Answer 12

GDP and ADP

Question 13

IMP—-?——>inosine

Answer 13

Adenosine deaminase

Question 14

Deficiency in adenosine deaminase can lead to

Answer 14

SCID

Question 15

SCID is from a deficiency in what exactly

Answer 15

It could be form def in adenosine deaminase

Or def in purine nucleotide phosphorylase

Question 16

Allopurinol does what

Answer 16

It inhibits hypoxanthine —-> xanthine

And

It inhibits xanthine —-> Uric acid

This is important because if they have too much uric acid and it can be peed out it cyrstallizes and leads to gout

Question 17

Inosine —?—>hypoxanthine
Guanosine—-?—-> guanine

Answer 17

Purine nucleotide phosphorylase

Question 18

Guanine—-?—->xanthine

Answer 18

Guanine deaminase

Question 19

Hypoxanthine —-?—-> xanthine
Xanthine —?——> uric acid

What inhibits it

Answer 19

Xanthine oxidase

Allopurinol

Question 20

What can lead to apoptosis of B, T, NK cells

Answer 20

No adenosine deaminase enzyme bc it leads to a buildup of toxic adenosine and deoxyadenosine. The purines can’t degrade

Question 21

The bubble boy had what basic deficiency

Answer 21

Adenosine deaminase def

Question 22

Adenosine deaminase deficiency increases levels of

Answer 22

dATP

Question 23

A deficiency in purine nucleotide phosphorylase affects ___ and increases levels of ___

Answer 23

T cells
dGTP

Question 24

Starting players for pyrimidine synth

Answer 24

Co2+glutamine+ATP