Evolution: second lecture

Question 1

Adaptation definition

Answer 1

Evolutionary changes that fit an organism to its habit or habitat

Question 2

What are the forces that drive evolution

Answer 2

Mutation, drift, migration and selection

Question 3

What does the Hardy-Weinburg equation describe

Answer 3

The genetic allele frequency in a population that is not evolving

Question 4

What does the Hardy-Weinburg equation predict

Answer 4

The genotype and allele frequencies in one generation from the allele frequencies in the previous generation

Question 5

What are the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinburg equation (4)

Answer 5

No selection, no mutation, large population, random mating

Question 6

What’s the usefullness of the Hardy-Weinburg equation

Answer 6

It gives a null hypothesis

Question 7

What forces disrupt the Hardy-Weinburg equation

Answer 7

Mutation, genetic drift, migration, natural selection

Question 8

Natural selection definition

Answer 8

Differential survival and reproduction of individuals

Question 9

What is the fitness equation

Answer 9

Probaility of survival x average number of offspring for a class of indinviduals

Question 10

What is the maximum fitness

Answer 10

W= 1

Question 11

What is the selection coefficient

Answer 11

The difference between W and 1

Question 12

How do we know natural selection exists

Answer 12

Correlations between trait and environment

Responses to experimental change in the environment

Correlation between trait and fitness component

Question 13

Problems with detecting selection (6)

Answer 13

-Consequences of physics and chemistry
-Genetic drift and spread traits
-Ancestral state (exaptation)
-Selection might not cause any change
-Selection might be working at the individual level
-Linkage

Question 14

Types of linkage

Answer 14

Recombination
Linkage disequilibrium
Alleles hitchhiking

Question 15

Whats a preadaptation

Answer 15

Feature that serves a new function

Question 16

What does natural selection not do

Answer 16

Always lead to adaption
Produce perfection
Always progress
Produce a balanced world
Consider ethics