Evolutionary approach

Question 1

Who is Charles Darwin?

Answer 1

Naturalist of the 19th century

Question 2

Darwin believed that the main goal of existence is to survive long enough to ____ and ______ in order to promote ______.

Answer 2

reproduce
pass on one’s gene
survival of the species

Question 3

Explain the concept of variation of the species.

Answer 3

Individuals in the same species have different characteristics

Question 4

What does adaptive mean?

Explain how it relates to Darwin’s theory of natural selection.

Answer 4

In the variation of the species, some individual characteristics are better (meaning they promote the survival of the species more). Thus, because of natural selection, those are more likely to get passed on. Characteristics that are less adaptive are eventually going to disappear.

Question 5

Evolutionary psychology seeks to explore how ____ and _______ may have evolved because they were _____.

Answer 5

behaviour
mental processed
adaptive

Question 6

Why would disgust as a facial expression be adaptive and communicative?

Answer 6

1- adaptive because prevent us from being in contact with deceased
2- communicative because tell others in our group that something “dangerous” is present

Question 7

Explain Darwin’s theory of universality hypothesis.

Answer 7

that facial expressions were passed down through evolution from our ancestors - thus they are universal among humans.

Question 8

What is “the expression of emotions in man and animals”

Answer 8

a book written by Darwin in which he studied non-human and human facial expressions.

Question 9

Explain briefly Ekman’s study of universality of facial expressions?

Answer 9

went to New Guinea and looked at how people who never knew western culture were able to dissect facial expressions of western people.
Then did the other way around.
They were in majority = yay

Question 10

What are the 6 basic facial expressions?

Answer 10

happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise and disgust

Question 11

The Nervous system is divided in 2 main categories. Name them and explain their main function and/or components.

Answer 11

1- Central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
2- peripheral nervous system 
nerves/neurons
connects central to the rest of the body

Question 12

What is the amygdala and how does it relate to the little Albert experiment?

Answer 12

part of the brain that is ultrafast and automatic. Created the instant panic thing. Also responsible for emotional memories.

• showed animals, fur, fire to little albert = great
• rat at the same time as gong - scared of anything furry at this point

Question 13

The peripheral nervous system is divided in 2 main categories name each and explain their main function and/or components.

Answer 13

1- Somatic peripheral nervous system
external environment - info from the sensory system + skeletal muscles for movement
2- automatic peripheral nervous system
interacts with internal body parts that function without our awareness

Question 14

The automatic peripheral nervous system s divided in 2 main categories name each and explain their main function and/or components.

Answer 14

1- sympathetic automatic nervous system
use energie for expenditure - fight or flight
2- parasympathetic automatic nervous system
conservation of energie/back to normal after fight or flight

Question 15

What happens to the heart, lungs and stomach when fight or flight it activated?

Answer 15

heart accelerate
lungs take more O2
digestion stops

Question 16

The physiological responses are ______ and biological response patterns accompanying emotions are _____.

Answer 16

universal

innate