EX1 Adaptive Immunity - Stiner

Question 1

ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 are found on _______ cells and assist with T cell migration/stability

Answer 1

endothelial

Question 2

Activated T cells must _____ to site of infection an be retained so that they can express their effector functions and eradicate virally infected cells

Answer 2

migrate

Question 3

______ can be activated by T cells via ______ secretion

Answer 3

macrophages

IFN-γ

Question 4

MAP kinases, protein kinase C, and calcineurin stimulate ______ production

Answer 4

CD8 T cells

Question 5

CD8 cells lyse target cells via ______ _____ and ______

Answer 5

lytic granules

Fas-FasL

Question 6

There are 3 types of lytic granules found in CD8 cells and they are…

Answer 6

Perforin (forms a pore)
granzymes (induces apoptosis)
granulysin (induces apoptosis)

Question 7

_____ cells use the same mechanism of lysis target cells as CD8 cells do

Answer 7

NK

Question 8

Granzyme B induces apoptosis by activating ________

Answer 8

caspases (specifically caspase 3 and 9)

Question 9

Caspase 3 activation leads to _____ _____ ______ which induces apoptosis

Answer 9

caspase activated DNAase (CAD) [from cleavage iCAD)

Question 10

FasL on _______ interacts with Fas (CD95) on _____ _____ which induces apoptosis

Answer 10

CTL

target cell

Question 11

The Fas associated death domain (FADD) leads to signaling cascades that activate _______

Answer 11

caspase 8

Question 12

CD4 T cells produce _____ which activates macrophages

Answer 12

IFN-γ

Question 13

CD4 T cells produce cytokines to provide co-stimulation for ________ activation

Answer 13

CD8 T cell

Question 14

CD4 T cells produce cytokines to enhance the activity of ____

Answer 14

APCs

Question 15

True or False
Viruses can escape the immune response via inhibition of phagolysosome function, antigen presentation, blocking the transport of MHC-I from the RER, producing IL-10, and blocking cytokine activation of effector cells

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Immune response to extracellular pathogens in initiated by ______ and ______

Answer 16

macrophages and neutrophils

Question 17

Why is Th1 immunity referred to as a driver of cell mediated immunity?

Answer 17

it stimulates other cells in the immune response (i.e. cell mediated immunity) via IFN-γ

Question 18

(Th1 or Th2) immunity drives the antibody response via isotope switching

Answer 18

Th2

Question 19

True or False

The humoral immune response involves Th cell production

Answer 19

False; humoral immunity involved antibodies

Question 20

True or False

Naive and activated B cells can produce antibody

Answer 20

False; naive B cells CANNOT produce antibodies

Question 21

True or False

B cells can be activated by microbes and soluble antigen, and it primarily involved IgM

Answer 21

True

Question 22

B cell exposure to microbes can result in changes in _____ and _____

Answer 22

phenotype and function

Question 23

True or False

Isotype switching is not dependent upon T cells and cytokines

Answer 23

False; it IS dependent upon those things

Question 24

The main cytokines that induce class switching are (2)

Answer 24

IFN-γ

IL-4

Question 25

What is the most prevalent antibody isotope in the mouth

Answer 25

IgA

Question 26

Long lived antibody producing plasma cells and memory B cells take up residence in the ____ _____ and _____ ____ _____

Answer 26

bone marrow | secondary lymph nodes

Question 27

Active immunization is known as _______

Answer 27

vaccination

Question 28

True or False | Active immunization is accomplished by the passive injection of preformed antibodies

Answer 28

False; passive immunization

Question 29

This type of vaccine uses organisms whose virulence has been artificially reduced; is the most common vaccination

Answer 29

live attenuated vaccines

Question 30

This vaccine uses closely related organism of lesser virulence

Answer 30

heterologous vaccines

Question 31

This vaccine uses genetic engineering

Answer 31

Life recombinant vaccines

Question 32

This vaccine is made when safe live vaccines have not been developed or when reversion to the wild type is common

Answer 32

killed vaccines

Question 33

Subcellular fractions and recombinant proteins are (killed/live) vaccines

Answer 33

killed

Question 34

This type of vaccination induces the antibody and CMI response typically with only one dosage

Answer 34

live vaccines

Question 35

A danger of live vaccines is that there is a chance of _____ __ ______

Answer 35

reversion to virulence

Question 36

True or False | live vaccines are more expensive to make than killed vaccines

Answer 36

False; killed vaccines are more expensive to prepare

Question 37

Good vaccinations induce both _______ and _____ _____ immunity

Answer 37

humoral | cell mediated

Question 38

Antibodies can neutralize ______ or _____; and opsonize _____ and facilitate ______

Answer 38

microbes toxins microbes phagocytosis

Question 39

Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity results in killing of _____ _____ cells

Answer 39

antibody coated

Question 40

______ activities are enhanced by antibodies

Answer 40

complement

Question 41

Which immunoglobulin is the only T cell independent antibody?

Answer 41

IgM

Question 42

Antibody isotopes are influences by _______ interactions with _____ and by _____

Answer 42

B cell dendritic cells cytokines