Exam 1 Flashcards
(158 cards)
1
Q
biological psychologists study of structure and func of nervous sys generated behavior`
A
contemporary psych
2
Q
sensory/motor system, sleep, drug use, reproductive behavior, plasticity of nervous sys, what branch
A
contemporary psychology
3
Q
focuses on both physiological aspects of sensory systems and the psychological exp of sensory info
A
sensation + perception
4
Q
sensory info
A
sensation
5
Q
experience of the world
A
perception
6
Q
studies cognition and thoughts and their relationship to our exp and our actions
A
cognitive psych
7
Q
research includes, attention, problem solving, language, memory, what branch
A
cognative
8
Q
studies the physical and mental attributes of aging and maturation
A
developmental psychology
9
Q
includes various skills acquired throughout growth
A
developmental psycho
10
Q
moral reasoning, cognitive skills, social skills
A
developmental psychology
11
Q
focuses on behaviors and thought pattern that are unique to each individual
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personality psychology
12
Q
studies in this field include conscious and unconscious thinking and identifying personal traits
A
personality psychology
13
Q
OCEAN, means what
A
openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
14
Q
how individual interact and relate w others and how such interactions can affect behavior
A
social psychology
15
Q
research includes prejudice, attraction, interpersonal conflicts, obedience
A
social psycholgy
16
Q
focuses on how individual health is directly related or affected by biological, psychological, and sociocultural influences
A
health psychology
17
Q
the biopsychologicla model suggests that health/illness is determined by…
A
an interaction
18
Q
focus on diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and problematic patterns of behavior
A
clinical psychology
19
Q
principle theories in office type setting
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industrial org psych
20
Q
winning mentality falls into what branch of psycoh
A
sports and exercise
21
Q
justice system is what branch of psych
A
forensic
22
Q
based on things we can see
A
scientific research - empirical
23
Q
predicted based on general premise
A
deductive reasoning
24
Q
all living things require energy to survive, example of what
A
deductive reasoning
25
conclusions drawn from observation
inductive reasoning
26
first step of scientific method
scientists form ideas thru deductive reasoning
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second step of sci method
hypothetically tested thru empirical observation, scientists form conclusions
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third step of sci method
these conclusions lead to new theories and hypoth
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well dev set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed phenomena
theory
30
tentative and testable statement about relationship btw 2 or more variables
hypothesis
31
clinical or case studies, naturalistic observation, surveys, archival research, longitudinal and cross sectional studies
approaches to research
32
focus on 1 individual or small group
clinical or case studies
33
allows for a lot of insight into a case
clinical or case studies
34
is it easy or difficult to generalize results to larger pop with clinical or case studies
difficult
35
observation of behavior in natural setting
naturalistic observation
36
when observations may be skewed to align with observer expectations
observer bias
37
list of questions that can be delivered in many ways
surveys
38
can be used to gather large amount of data from a larger population
surveys
39
uses past records or data sets to answer various research questions, or to search for interesting patterns or relationships
archival research
40
researcher never directly interacts w participants
archival research
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compares multiple segments of a pop @ a single time point
Cross sectional research
42
example of cross sectional research
age groups
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studies in which same group of individuals is surveyed or measured rep over extended period of time
longitudinal
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reduction in # of research participation over time
attrition
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relationship btw two or more variables
correlation
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indicating strength and direction of relation btw variables
correlation coefficient
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changes in one variable causes change in another
cause and effect
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unanticipated outside factor that affects both sides of interest
confounding variable
49
illusory correlations
seeing relationship btw when no such examples exist
50
tendency to ignore certain evidence
confirmation bias
51
only way to establish cause and effect is....
scientific evidence
52
description of what actions and operations will be used to measure dependent variables
operational description
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exp where researcher knows which participants are in which group, but participant does not
single blind
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both researchers and part are blind to group assignment
double blind
55
article read by several other sci they provide feedback
peer reviewed journal article
56
consistency and reproducibility of given result
reliabilty
57
measure of agreement among observers on how they record and classify particular events
inter-rater reliability
58
accuracy of a given result in measuring
validity
59
must adhere to strict guidelines, informed consent
research involving human participants
60
process of informing a research participant about what to expect
informed consent
61
purposely misleading participants to maintain integrity of experiment
deception
62
when involving deception, participants told the complete and truthful info about experiment
debriefing
63
example of not debriefing (what case)
Tuskegee Syphillis study
64
how much of psychological research involves animals, rodents or birds
90%
65
why do animals make good test subjects
many of the same basic functions as humans
66
provide scaffolding on which neurons are built
glial cells
66
system of neurons and glial cells support each other in order to facilitate variety of important aspects
nervous system
67
neurons connect...
info processors
68
cluster of fibers, receives info, finger like
dendrites
69
contains nucleus, in the middle
cell body (soma)
70
part of neuron carries message destined for other neurons
axon
71
protected coat of fat and protein around axon
myelin sheath
72
gap btw neurons is called what
synapse
73
what of the sending neuron meets with dendrites of receiving at synapse
axon
74
what of the receiving neuron meets with axon at synapse
dendrite
75
what is voltage of neuron at rest
-70 mV
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difference in charge btw cytoplasm and ex cell fluid
membrane potential
77
threshold of excitement is what
-50 mV
78
chemical communication btw two neurons involves what
neurotrasnmitters
79
what releases neurotransmitter
pre synaptic neuron
80
in what fashion do neurotransmitters bind
lock and key fashion
81
chemical subs that are released at the end of a neuron which facilitate a variety of behaviors and mood states
neurotransmitter
82
imbalances in neurotransmitters is associated with what
psychiatric disorders
83
what are the two ways psychoactive drugs can act
agonist or antagonist
84
chemical mimics neurotransmitter
agonist
85
blocks and impedes normal acitivy
antagonist
86
impede reuptake of a given neurotransmitter back into neuron from which it is released
reuptake inhibitor
87
involved in muscle action, memory, increased arousla, enhanced cognition
acetylcholine
88
involved in pain, pleasure, decreased anxiety, decreased tension
beta-endorphin
89
involved in mood, sleep, learning, increased pleasure, suppressed appetite
dopamine
90
involved in brain function, sleep, decreased anxiety, decreased tension
Gamma aminobutyric acids
91
involved in memory, learning, increased learning, enhanced memory
glutamate
92
involved in heart, intestines, alertness, increased arousal, suppressed appetitie
norepinephrin
93
involved in mood, sleep, modulated mood, suppressed appetite
serotonin
94
two branches of NS
peripheral and central
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two parts of peripheral NS
somatic and autonomic
96
what's included in CNS
brain and spinal cord
97
intentional choice function
somatic
98
what's included in somatic
cranial and spinal nerves that leave bone
99
parasympathetic and sympathetic are included in what
autonomic NS
100
autonomic includes what
parasympathetic and sympathetic
101
relaxing falls under which part of autonomic
parasympathetic
102
scared, trying to run away would fall under what part of autonomic
sympathetic
103
encased in bone
CNS
104
routes messages to and from brain
spinal cord
105
can initiate autonomic movements
spinal cord
106
how the NS can change and adapt
neuroplasticity
107
can neurons change locations to help damaged area?
yes
108
when are neurons most plastic
when were young
109
surface of brain
cerebral cortex
110
peak of brain
gyri
111
valley of brain
sulki
112
divides brain into two hemispheres
longitudinal fission
113
are the right and left sides of brain symmetric
no
114
forms associations in memory, selective attention, positive emotion
left hemisphere of brain
115
thick fibers that connect the two hemispheres
corpus callosum
116
what makes up forebrain
two hemispheres of cerebral cortex
117
how many lobes in each hemisphere
4
118
what are the lobes
frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital
119
functions include exec func, motor control, emotion
frontal love
120
top, rear of cerebral cortex
parietal
121
involved in processing various sensory and percept info
partial lobe
122
by ears, which lobe
temporal
123
hearing, memory, emotion, some aspects of language
temporal
124
at bottom and black of cerebral cortex
occipital
125
visual processing, which lobe
occipital
126
moving parts, which cortex
motor cortex
127
sensation/feeling, which cortex
sensory cortex
128
where is brocas area located
frontal
129
responsible for speech formation
brocas area
130
where is wernickes area at
temporal lobe
131
speech understanding
wernickes area
132
system responsible for emotion and memory
limbic system
133
parts of limbic system
amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus
134
arousal and emotion
amygdala
135
formation of memories
hippocampus
136
relay station for senses
thalamus
137
regulation of hormones
hypothalamus
138
substantia nigra and ventral segmented area are part of what
midbrain
139
produce dopamine
midbrain
140
mood reward addiction all involved in this part of brain
midbrain
141
degeneration of midbrain is associated with what
Parkinsons
142
sleep wake cycle involved with this
reticular formation
143
what is included in hindbrain
pons, medulla, cerebellum
144
connect hindbrain to rest of brain
pons
145
automatic processes of autonomic NS
medulla
146
breathing, heart rate are done by...
medulla
147
balence, coordination, motor skills, procedural memory
cerebellum
148
involves number of X-rays of brain or body
CT scan
149
CT scan name
computerized topography scan
150
different tissue densities allow for overall image to be constructed
CT scan
151
studies brain via injected radioactive sugar
PET
152
what does PET stand for
positron emission topography
153
can be used with a CT to get a clear view of structure and activity
PET
154
magnetic fields used to produce a picture of tissue being measured
MRI
155
show metabolic activity overtime
functional MRI (fMRI
156
involves recording electrical activity of brain via electrodes on scalp
electroencephotography EEG
157
using cups w electrodes, modern EEG research can study precise timing of overall brain activity by....
tracking amplitude and freq of brain waves
