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Thanatology 2 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sociology

A

The science that deals with the various social groups which we encounter in our world today, the internal organization and operation of those social groups, the ways to change and maintain these organizations, and the relationship between these social groups.

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2
Q

Funeral service sociology

A

Address ourselves specifically to the funeral and disposition of human remains of the various groups that a funeral director will serve.

Begins with arrangements, ends with disposition.

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3
Q

Cultural Universals include:

A

Government

Marriage

Funeral rites

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4
Q

Funeral rites within a culture

A

Traditional funeral rites

Humanistic funeral rites

Adaptive funeral rites

Immediate disposition

Primitive funeral rites

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5
Q

Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of importance

A
  1. Physiological needs
  2. Safety needs
  3. Social needs
  4. Esteem needs
  5. Self fulfillment
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6
Q

Physiological needs

A 
Oxygen
Food
Shelter
Water 
Sleep
Elimination 
Clothing
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7
Q

Safety needs

A 
Security
Stability
Order
Physical safety
Shelter for body warmth and protection
Sensory or motor stimulation 
Stability and consistency in one's life
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8
Q

Social needs/love

A

Affection
Identification
Companionship
Love and belonging

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9
Q

Emotional needs

A

Love
Approval and self esteem
Importance
Recognition and respect

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10
Q

Esteem needs

A 
Self esteem
Self recognition
Prestige
Success
Esteem of others
Recognition
Self sufficiency 
Needs to be wanted 
Need to be needed
Productivity
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11
Q

Social needs

A 
Identification 
Belonging
Education or learning
Religion or spiritual
Recreation or play
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12
Q

Self actualization

A 
Self fulfillment 
Achieving one's capabilities
Beauty
Harmony
Spiritual
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13
Q

Responsibilities of the family

A

Discipline- includes attitude towards death and dying.

Giving and receiving motivation

Establishment and fulfillment of mental expectations.

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14
Q

Modernization is credited to what three processes?

A
  1. Urbanization
  2. Industrialization
  3. Bureaucratization
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15
Q

What determines a family’s funeral customs?

A

Mores, folkways and customs

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16
Q

Enculturation

A

Socialization, the process by which each individual learns about the accepted social values and activities important to his/her culture

Dictates what people can and cannot do in regards to death and the funeral rite

These dictates become custom

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17
Q

Kantor and Lehr 3 basic family types

A
  1. Open family structures
  2. Closed family structures
  3. Random family structures
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18
Q

Open family structures

A 
Democratic
Allow honest exchange
Sense of order
Flexibility
Adaptation through consensus
Individual rights are respected
Loyalty of self and family is expected

In grief: tolerant

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19
Q

Closed family structures

A

Rules and heirarchal power structure
Subordinate their needs to the good of the group
Rigid daily schedules
Seek stability through tradition

In grief: rigidity and loyalty may disallow feelings and block communication.

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20
Q

Random family structures

A

More likely to do their own thing
Few rules if any
Fosters exploration through intuition

In grief: inhibit the sharing of the reality of the death and the experience of loss.

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21
Q

Healthy families

A

Have a shares religious core

Abound in rituals and traditions

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22
Q

Terminal Illness

A

Depleting emotionally
Financial issues
Life support issues
Organ donation

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23
Q

Sudden death

A 
Accidental or violent 
Family must deal with:
Shock
Disbelief
Abrupt changes in lifestyle
No time to prepare
Unfinished business
No time to say goodbye
24
Q

Violent death

A

Trauma possible from body disfiguration

25
Q

Homicide

A

Time consuming court cases

Believe justice has not been served

26
Q

Major disaster

A

Insecurity

Feelings of vulnerability

27
Q

Deaths not grieved openly

A

Suicide
Homicide
Alcohol related deaths
AIDS

28
Q

Minimized deaths

A

Miscarriage
Stillbirth
Infant death

29
Q

Crisis

A

An unstable state of affairs in which a decisive change is impeding

30
Q

Religion in America

A

Judeo-Christian
Overall purpose is to allow for the acknowledgement of the doctrine of atonement.

Other purpose is to permit the bereaved family to call into use their faith and belief concerning life and death

31
Q

Government in America

A

Democratic

Families are free to select the funeral rite of their choice

32
Q

Economics in America

A

American is a nation of free enterprise

Funeral home not funded directly by the government, free to open own funeral home.

33
Q

Age in America

A

Youth oriented society
Death denying
Place the old in nursing homes

34
Q

Educational Level in America

A

High degree of educational status with excellent public education systems

Many funeral directors are required by state to take continuing education program classes

35
Q

Mobility in America

A

Very mobile society with much evidence of neo-localism, relocation is acceptable.

36
Q

Use of the funeral home

A

Normal site for visitation, rosaries, fraternal services, embalming.

Sometimes arrangements.

Sometimes funeral service.

37
Q

Use of embalming

A

Became more greatly accepted after WWII.
Purpose is primarily disinfection, secondarily preservation, third restoration.

Enables a family to wait longer to assemble relatives for the funeral rite, which enables a more complete acceptance of death.

38
Q

Viewing the remains

A

Differs in different parts of the Country.

gathering at the funeral home to physically view the remains

39
Q

Visitation at the funeral home

A

Either via set hours or a state room depending on area.

May provide the only time for friends and family of the deceased to visit informally with the immediate family of the deceased during the funeral period.

40
Q

The funeral director

A

Must expand knowledge on type of family they are serving, customs, traditions and religion of the family, and the rules and regulations that the family operates under.

41
Q

Credit

A

Allows a family to select a more desirable service at the time of death or before death.

42
Q

Disposition of the remains

A

Interment is predominant, entombment, and cremation

43
Q

Pre need programs

A

Planning and purchase of merchandise before death occurs

44
Q

Itemization

A

A method of pricing that provides a separate charge for each item of service and merchandise.

45
Q

Factors that have contributed to the avoidance or denial of death

A

Secularization of American society

Deritualization of grief

Growth of impersonal technology around dying people

Unrealistic attention and focus on death

46
Q

Three primary styles of denial

A
  1. Ignore death
  2. Efforts to lessen the harshness of death- choice words, beautification
  3. A distorted preoccupation with death that, to some degree, mimics pornography in its danger of dehumanizing genuine feelings and emotions.
47
Q

3 primary categories of fear associated with death process

A
  1. The process of dying is painful
  2. The process of dying is undignified
  3. The process of dying as a burden to others
48
Q

3 primary categories of fear associated with death (in general)

A
  1. Fear of the process of dying
  2. Fear of the loss of life
  3. Fear of what happens after death
49
Q

Fear of the loss of life

A

Vulnerability
Incompleteness or failure
Separation of people, places, and things that are loved and treasured.

50
Q

Fear of what happens after death

A

The fate of the body
Fear of judgement
Fear of what happens after death

51
Q

The death anxiety scale

A 
Measures:
General death anxiety
Thoughts and talk of death
Subjective proximity of death
Fear of pain and suffering
Fear of the unknown
52
Q

The threat index

A

Interview format, used in 23% of studies, offers more interpretability than the DAS.

53
Q

The collett- Lester fear of death scale

A

36 items connected to 4 dimensions of death anxiety:

  1. Death of self
  2. Dying of self
  3. Death of others
  4. Dying of others

18% of studies

54
Q

The Hoelter multidimensional fear of death scale

A

4% of studies, features 8 individual subscales, each containing 6 items on which respondents indicate extent of their agreement.

55
Q

6 goals for death care professionals

A
  1. Tactfully avoid euphemisms in speaking and writing (remove taboo).
  2. Promote and demonstrate comfortable and intelligent interaction
  3. Encourage death education for children
  4. Perceive health care workers and other caregivers as professionals and human beings.
  5. Stay educated on changes and trends.
  6. Encourage, communicate, participate in meaningful research in the field of death studies, grief, and bereavement.
56
Q

4 points to be drawn from funeral rites

A
  1. The funeral rite itself can be called a social function.
  2. The funeral rite is a cultural universal.
  3. To understand how a society buries it’s dead, the funeral director must first examine and understand the social structure of the society.
  4. Funeral rites reflect both modern and contemporary tendencies.
57
Q

Psychology

A

The study of human behavior, focuses on the individual behavioral patterns of living things.

Begins at time of death and ends with the acceptance of death.

Thanatology 2 (35 decks)

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