Exam 1

Question 1

Health promotion

Answer 1

Process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health

Question 2

Risk behaviors

Answer 2

Behaviors that increase the probability that a negative outcome will occur

Question 3

Risk factors

Answer 3

Any factors that increase the probability that a negative outcome will occur

Question 4

Protective factors

Answer 4

Any factors that decrease the probability that a negative outcome will occur

Question 5

Vulnerable population

Answer 5

Population w/ high lvl of risk factors and/or low level of protective factors

Question 6

Disease

Answer 6

Abnormalities in the structure and function of organs and body systems, as defined by biomedicine

Question 7

Illness

Answer 7

patient’s subjective experience of physical or mental states, whether based on some underlying disease pathology or not
-can be socially constructed and highly controversial

Question 8

Medicalization**

Answer 8

Process by which nonmedical problems become defined and treated as medical problems, usually in terms of illness or disorders
Ie. Anxiety, menopause, infertility, obesity

Question 9

Core areas of PH

Answer 9

Epi
Biostats
Health policy
Env. Health
Social and behavioral science

Question 10

Themes of behavioral and social sciences

Answer 10

• theory driven research
• lifespan perspective
• focus on social and biological context of behavior
• emphasis on individual variation

Question 11

“Behavioral” refers to

Answer 11

• overt actions
• underlying psychological processes (cognition, emotion, temperament, and motivation)
• biobehavioral interactions

Question 12

“Social” refers to

Answer 12

• sociocultural, socioeconomic, and sociodemographic status

- lvls of social context from small groups to complex cultural systems

Question 13

Ways of understanding how things work

Answer 13

Theory (Shoemaker)

-expresses a relationship between 2 variables

Question 14

Hypothesis

Answer 14

Testable statement about the relationship bw variables

Question 15

Roots of SBS theories

Answer 15

• psychology
• sociology
• cultural anthropology
• ecology

Question 16

Reciprocal determinism means:

Answer 16

There is not just a one-way linear relationship

Question 17

Social ecology**

Answer 17

Ecology (study of relationships between organisms and their environments) + Social influences

Question 18

Core principles of social ecology

Answer 18

1) physical, mental, and social well-being are influenced by env. Factors
2) personal characteristics and env. Conditions often have interactive as well as direct effects on well-being
3) degree of FIT bw people’s biological, behavioral, and socio-cultural needs and env. Resources available to them is a key determinant of well-being
4) certain behaviors and roles in community setting exert PIVOTAL INFLUENCE on well-being
5) JOINT INFLUENCE of multiple setting and life domains on persons’ health over extended periods
6) INTERDISCIPLINARY research linking perspectives of medicine, PH, behavioral/social sciences is essential for developing health promotion programs

Question 19

Difficulties of social ecological perspective

Answer 19

• don’t give specific guidance on variables within domains that may be important
• specific to certain health risks and behaviors

Question 20

Tuskegee study led to what laws

Answer 20

National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research

National Research Act

IRBs

Question 21

Belmont Report –>

Answer 21

3 fundamental ethical principles for using any humans for research:

• Report for persons
• beneficence
• justice