L3

Question 1

Behavior

Answer 1

Overt actions to underlying psychological processes such as cognition, emotion, temperament, and motivation

Question 2

Objective of behavior change approach

Answer 2

to bring changes to individual behavior through changes in individual’s cognitions

• aims to increase individual’s knowledge about the causes of health and illness
• assumes humans are rational decision makers

Question 3

Disadv. Of Behavior Change Approach

Answer 3

• doesn’t target major socio-economic causes of ill health
• top down approach; can be incompatible with community norms
• assumes direct link b/w knowledge, attitude, behavior
• assumes homogeneity among receivers of health promotion messages

Question 4

Social cognition models

Answer 4

Predict performance of behaviors and provide guidance as to how to facilitate their uptake by manipulating relevant variables (such as beliefs, attitudes)

-change in belief –> change in behavior

Question 5

Health Belief Model

Answer 5

Behavior is related to:

• subjective value of the outcome
• subjective probability or expectation that an action will achieve the outcome
• needs perceived susceptibility, severity of dz, threat of dz, cues to action, perceived benefits-barriers, and self-efficacy –> likelihood of taking action

Question 6

Critiques of HBM

Answer 6

• focus on individual decisions

- not clear how all 6 HBM constructs operate in changing behavior

Question 7

Theory of Reasoned Action***

Answer 7

• individual will perform some action X based on their ATTITUDE towards the behavior and the SUBJECTIVE NORM associated w/ the behavior
• there is a LINEAR CHAIN linking behavioral and normative beliefs to behavioral intention**
• nothing directly influences behavior besides intention**

Question 8

TRA vs TPB

Answer 8

TPB adds the perceived behavioral control

-presence or absence of facilitators and barriers to performing the behavior

Question 9

Critiques of TRA/TPB

Answer 9

• assumes behavior is output of rational, linear decision making
• lack of clarity
• time bw intent and action not considered

Question 10

Criticisms of SCMs

Answer 10

• don’t address joint-decision making**
• only concerned w/ cognitively mediated behaviors
• don’t account for impulse/emotion
• assumes same variable informs different health behaviors and is relevant for diverse groups
• don’t account for material, physical, and social factors

Question 11

Model widely used for changing NEGATIVE behaviors

Answer 11

Transtheoretical model

Question 12

10 processes of change in TTM

Answer 12

Consciousness raising
Dramatic relief
Env. Re-evaluation
Self reevaluation
Self-liberation
Helping relationships
Reinforcement management
Stimulus control
Count-conditioning
Social liberation