Exam 1: Brainstem 2: Pons and Trigeminal Sensory System + some of midbrain (CN nuclei origins diagrams for pons included in Brainstem 1 deck) Flashcards Preview

My Neuroanatomy Behavioral Neurosciences > Exam 1: Brainstem 2: Pons and Trigeminal Sensory System + some of midbrain (CN nuclei origins diagrams for pons included in Brainstem 1 deck) > Flashcards

Flashcards in Exam 1: Brainstem 2: Pons and Trigeminal Sensory System + some of midbrain (CN nuclei origins diagrams for pons included in Brainstem 1 deck) Deck (52)
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1
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Pyramid

2
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Decussation of Pyramids*

*At the caudal medulla, where the corticospinal tracts decussate!

3
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Dorsal root of spinal nerve

4
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Gracile fasciculus

5
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Spinal accessory nucleus (CN XI)

6
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Medial motor nuclei

7
Q

How far down does the trigeminal tract go?

What is it analogous with?

A

the trigeminal tract goes all the way into the spinal cord

it becomes analogous with Lissauers tract

8
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Solitary nucleus (CN VII, IX, X)

9
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Spinal trigeminal nucleus (CN V, VII. IX, X)

10
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Solitary nucleus (CN VII, IX, X)

11
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Spinal trigeminal nucleus (CN V, VII. IX, X)

12
Q

What does the red line represent?

What nuclei are found lateral to the line? medial?

A

The red line is the sulcus limitans

Lateral to the sulcus limitans are the sensory nuclei

Medial to the sulcus limitans are the motor nuclei

13
Q

Identify the landmarks or structures of the Pons marked by the red and yellow stars

A

The red star is the basal portion of the pons

The yellow star is the Tegmental portion (ventral to the 4th ventricle)

14
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Facial colliculus

15
Q

What are the Major Longitudinal Regions of the Pons (“Bridge”)

A

Basal Pons (Basis Pontis)

and

Pontine Tegmentum

16
Q

What are the major components of the Basal Pons (Basis Pontis)

A
  • Corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts (descending)
  • Pontine nuclei (cerebellar circuitry)
17
Q

What are the major components of the Pontine Tegmentum

A
  • Is separated from cerebellum via 4th Ventricle
  • Cranial nerve nuclei
  • Reticular formation
  • Medial lemniscus (ascending pathway heading to VPL of thalamus)
  • MLF (mostly ascending here; keeps dorsomedial position)
18
Q

Whats unique about the Pons?

  • Reticular formation in medulla and caudal pons involved in _____ and _____ functions.
  • Large, lateral connections with cerebellum via superior and middle _____ _____
  • Shares vestibular nuclei of CN VIII with medulla (at _____ junction)
  • Nuclei of CN ___, ___, and ___
A

Whats unique about the Pons?

  • Reticular formation in medulla and caudal pons involved in motor** and **autonomic functions (also sleep, wakefullness, conciousness).
  • Large, lateral connections with cerebellum via superior and middle cerebellar peduncles (hence, “bridge”)
  • Shares vestibular nuclei of CN VIII with medulla (at pontomedullary junction)
  • Nuclei of CN VII, VI, V
19
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts

20
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)

NOTE: medial longitudinal fasiculus, connects vestibular and cochlear nuclei to nearby nuclei controlling extraocular muscles (III, IV, VI)

21
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Facial colliculus

22
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Nucleus of abducent nerve

23
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Motor nucleus of facial nerve

24
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Facial nerve

25
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Abducent nerve

26
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Transverse pontine fibers

27
Q

Study the cross section of the rostral to mid ponsnd be able to recognize the major landmarks and structures

A

Study the cross section of the rostral to mid pons and be able to recognize the major landmarks and structures

28
Q

Study the cross section of the Pontomesencephalic Junction and be able to recognize the major landmarks and structures

A

Study the cross section of the Pontomesencephalic Junction and be able to recognize the major landmarks and structures

29
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Cerebral aqueduct

30
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Pontine nuclei

31
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Pontocerebellar fibers

32
Q

Identify the landmark or structure marked by the red star

A

Tectum

33
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Tegmentum

34
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Oculomotor nerve

35
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Cerebral aqueduct

36
Q

Which section of the brain stem is between the red dotted lines?

A

Midbrain

37
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Superior colliculus*

*note there are 2 Superior colliculi and 2 Inferior colliculi; together the 4 colliculi are collectively called corpora quadrigemina (four bodies)

38
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Inferior colliculus*

*note there are 2 Superior colliculi and 2 Inferior colliculi; together the 4 colliculi are collectively called corpora quadrigemina (four bodies)

39
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Note: The trochelar nerve is the only CN that exits the brain stem dorsally!

40
Q

Identify the landmark or structure

A

Crus cerebri

41
Q

Identify the landmarks or structures marked by the red and yellow stars

A

The yellow star is Tectum

The red star is Tegmentum

42
Q

The Trigeminal Ganglia consist of primary _____ neurons, with one exception:

_____ is both motor and sensory

A

The Trigeminal Ganglia* consist of primary sensory neurons, with one exception:

V3 mandibular is both motor and sensory

43
Q

Review the functions of V1, V2, amd V3!!!

What else does CN V provide sensation for?

A

Review the functions of V1, V2, amd V3!!!

CN V also provides sensation for supratentorial dura!

44
Q

What else does CN IX provide sensation for?

A

CN IX also provides sensation for the middle ear, posterior 1/3 tongue, and pharynx.

45
Q

What else does CN X provide sensation for?

A

CN X also provides sensation for infratentorial dura and probably pharynx, too

46
Q

What are the 3 Trigeminal Nuclei in the brainstem?

A

Trigeminal Nuclei:

  1. Mesencephalic
  2. Chief or (Principal)
  3. Spinal
47
Q

Trigeminal Nuclei:

  • the spinal trigeminal nucleus runs in the same column as the _____ _____ of the spinal cord.
  • Trigeminal sensorycolumn” is analogous to _____ and _____ “systems” of the spinal cord.
A

Trigeminal Nuclei:

  • the spinal trigeminal nucleus runs in the same column** as the **dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
  • Trigeminal sensorycolumn” is analogous to DC-ML and anterolateralsystems” of the spinal cord.
48
Q

General somatic sensory mainly from _____ and a little from ___, ___, and ___

A

General somatic sensory mainly from CN V and a little from VII, IX, and X (at ear).

49
Q

Where does brainstem fit into 3-neuronal sensory pathway???

A

Where does brainstem fit into 3-neuronal sensory pathway???

50
Q

Know and understand this chart

A

Know and understand this chart

51
Q

Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus:

  • Here’s the exception: _____ _____ nucleus is located in the CNS/brainstem.
  • Receive _____ input from muscles of mastication, tongue, extraocular muscles
  • Clinical Relevance: Involved in _____ _____ reflex
A

Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus:

  • Here’s the exception: Primary sensory nucleus is located in the CNS/brainstem.
  • Receive proprioceptive input from muscles of mastication, tongue, extraocular muscles
  • Clinical Relevance: Involved in _jaw jerk reflex*_
  • In this reflex, there are fibers that run from the mesencephalic nucleus DOWN to the pons to the MOTOR NUCLEUS of V (that ultimately innervate muscles of mastication via the mandibular division of V3)
  • Other roles of this nucleus are “under investigation”
52
Q

Note DECUSSATION in Secondary Neurons!!!

A

Note DECUSSATION in Secondary Neurons!!!

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