What does grey matter contain?
What are some examples of grey matter?
Contains:
neuron cell bodies, dendrites, initial unmylinated portons of axons, etc…
Examples:
Cerebral cortex, Cerebellar cortex, Nuclei, Ganglia, Inside of spinal cord
What does white matter contain?
What are some examples of white matter?
Contains:
mylinated axons, plus oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia
Examples:
Tract, Fascicle, Lemniscus, Bundle, Commissure
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Lateral sulcus (fissure)
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Central sulcus (lateral view)
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Central sulcus (medial view)
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Longitudinal fissure
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Frontal lobe (lateral view)
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Parietal lobe (lateral view)
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Temporal lobe (lateral view)
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Occipital lobe (lateral view)
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Parietal-Occipital sulcus (lateral view)
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Pre-occipital notch (lateral view)
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Frontal lobe (medial view)
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Parietal lobe (medial view)
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Temporal lobe (medial view)
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Occipital lobe (medial view)
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Limbic lobe (medial view)
aka Cingulate gyrus
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Parietal-Occipital sulcus (medial view)
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Insula
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Precentral gyrus
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Precentral sylcus
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Superior Frontal gyrus (lateral view)
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Surperior Frontal sulcus
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Middle Frontal gyrus
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Inferior Frontal sulcus
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Inferior Frontal gyrus
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Superior frontal gyrus (medial view)
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Paracentral lobule
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Marginal sulcus
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Cingulate sulcus
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Cingulate gyrus
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Postcentral gyrus
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Postcentral sulcus
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Intraparietal sulcus
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Superior parietal lobule
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Inferior parietal lobule
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Supramarginal gyrus
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Angular gyrus
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Precuneus
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Lateral occipital gyri
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Cuneus
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Calcarine sulcus
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Lingual gyrus
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Gyri breves
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Gyri longi
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Transverse temporal gyri (of Heschl)
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Superior temporal gyrus
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Superior temporal sulcus
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Middle temporal gyrus
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Middle temporal sulcus
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Inferior temporal gyrus
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Gyrus rectus
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Orbital gyri
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Uncus
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Parahippocampal gyrus
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Occipitotemporal sulcus (Inferior temporal sulcus)
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Occipitotemporal gyrus (fusiform gyrus)
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Collateral sulcus
Which structure is directly adjacent to the postcentral gyrus?
A. Angular gyrus
B. Lingual gyrus
C. Middle frontal gyrus
D. Middle temporal gyrus
E. Supramarginal gyrus
Answer to flip side Question:
E.
Supramarginal gyrus
Postcentral gyrus + Posterior paracentral gyrus
represent which Brodmann’s Area?
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3, 1, 2
Precentral gyrus + Anterior paracentral gyrus
represent which Brodmann’s Area?
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4
Pars opercularis
represents which Brodmann’s Area?
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44
Pars triangularis
represents which Brodmann’s Area?
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45
Pars orbitalis
represents which Brodmann’s Area?
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47
Supramarginal gyrus
represents which Brodmann’s Area?
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40
Angular gyrus
represents which Brodmann’s Area?
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39
Cuneus
represents which Brodmann’s Area?
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17,18,19
Calcarine sulcus + Lingual gyrus
represent which Brodmann’s Area?
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17
Somatotopic organization
Topographically organized according to anatomical relationships
Sensory Homunculus
What we would look like if the amount of space in our brain dedicated to each of our body parts correlated with their actual size.
Function of:
Precentral Gyrus
Primary somatomotor cortex
Function of:
Postcentral Gyrus
Primary somatosensory cortex
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Premotor cortex
Function of:
Premotor cortex
Initital and sequencing of movements
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Frontal eye field
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Prefrontal cortex
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Broca’s area
Function of:
Frontal eye field
conscious eye movements
Function of:
Prefrontal cortex
intellect, problem solving, emotional control
Function of:
Broca’s area
motor speech
right side = emotional speech
Function of:
Frontal lobe
Restraint, Initiative, Order
Function of:
Transverse temporal gyri of Heschl
Primary auditory cortex
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Occipitotemporal gyrus (fusiform gyrus)
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Hippocampus
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Lateral temporal lobe
Function of:
Occipitotemporal gyrus (fusiform gyrus)
Recognition of faces and expressions
Function of:
Hippocampus
Infolding of the cortex responsible for
short-term declarative memory
Modulation of aggression
(removed in patient H.M.)
Function of:
Lateral temporal lobe
right = objects and faces
left = language
Wernicke’s area (Brodmann’s area 22)
Which of the following is the most accurate way to describe the location of the cingulate gyrus?
A. Caudal to the parieto-occipital sulcus
B. Dorsal to the superior temporal gyrus
C. Ventral to the intraparietal sulcus
D. Ventral to the superior frontal gyrus
Answer to flip side Question:
D.
Ventral to the superior frontal gyrus
Function of:
Cingulate gyrus
Part of the limbic system
Controls emotions
Regulation of visceral processes
Learning
motor area = genuine facial expressions
Identify the regions responsible for smile of each picture
Left = Primary motor cortex
Right = Cingulate motor area
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Primary visual cortex
Function of area around:
Calcarine sulcus
Primary visual cortex
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Hypothalamus
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Thalamus
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Epithalamus
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Diencephalon
Function of:
Hypothalamus
Maintains homeostasis for things such as sleep, metabolism, sexual drive, hormone secretion, autonomics, etc…
Function of:
Thalamus
Relay for sensory information
Function of:
Epithalamus
Pineal body in this region regulates sleep
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Midbrain
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Pons
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Medulla
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Brainstem
Function of:
Brainstem
Contains nuclei that regulate cranial nerve functions and regulate visceral functions
Ascending and descending tracts and decussations
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Cerebellum
Function of:
Cerebellum
Modulates motor output (coordination)
Balance
Learned movements
Learned response to stimuli
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Corpus Callosum
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Fornix
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Anterior commissure
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Posterior commissure
