Exam 1: Introductory Neuroanatomy Flashcards
•Be able to diagram the directional terms as they relate to brain anatomy. •Be able to name the lobes, gyri, sulci, and fissures on a picture or diagram of a brain. •Be able to locate the important functional regions of the cerebral cortex and describe what those regions do. (111 cards)
1
Q
What does grey matter contain?
What are some examples of grey matter?
A
Contains:
neuron cell bodies, dendrites, initial unmylinated portons of axons, etc…
Examples:
Cerebral cortex, Cerebellar cortex, Nuclei, Ganglia, Inside of spinal cord
2
Q
What does white matter contain?
What are some examples of white matter?
A
Contains:
mylinated axons, plus oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia
Examples:
Tract, Fascicle, Lemniscus, Bundle, Commissure
3
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Lateral sulcus (fissure)
4
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Central sulcus (lateral view)
5
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Central sulcus (medial view)
6
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Longitudinal fissure
7
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Frontal lobe (lateral view)
8
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Parietal lobe (lateral view)
9
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Temporal lobe (lateral view)
10
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Occipital lobe (lateral view)
11
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Parietal-Occipital sulcus (lateral view)
12
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Pre-occipital notch (lateral view)
13
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Frontal lobe (medial view)
14
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Parietal lobe (medial view)
15
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Temporal lobe (medial view)
16
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Occipital lobe (medial view)
17
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Limbic lobe (medial view)
aka Cingulate gyrus
18
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Parietal-Occipital sulcus (medial view)
19
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Insula
20
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Precentral gyrus
21
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Precentral sylcus
22
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Superior Frontal gyrus (lateral view)
23
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Surperior Frontal sulcus
24
Q
Identify the landmark
A
Middle Frontal gyrus
25
Identify the landmark
Inferior Frontal sulcus
26
Identify the landmark
Inferior Frontal gyrus
27
Identify the landmark
Superior frontal gyrus (medial view)
28
Identify the landmark
Paracentral lobule
29
Identify the landmark
Marginal sulcus
30
Identify the landmark
Cingulate sulcus
31
Identify the landmark
Cingulate gyrus
32
Identify the landmark
Postcentral gyrus
33
Identify the landmark
Postcentral sulcus
34
Identify the landmark
Intraparietal sulcus
35
Identify the landmark
Superior parietal lobule
36
Identify the landmark
Inferior parietal lobule
37
Identify the landmark
Supramarginal gyrus
38
Identify the landmark
Angular gyrus
39
Identify the landmark
Precuneus
40
Identify the landmark
Lateral occipital gyri
41
Identify the landmark
Cuneus
42
Identify the landmark
Calcarine sulcus
43
Identify the landmark
Lingual gyrus
44
Identify the landmark
Gyri breves
45
Identify the landmark
Gyri longi
46
Identify the landmark
Transverse temporal gyri (of Heschl)
47
Identify the landmark
Superior temporal gyrus
48
Identify the landmark
Superior temporal sulcus
49
Identify the landmark
Middle temporal gyrus
50
Identify the landmark
Middle temporal sulcus
51
Identify the landmark
Inferior temporal gyrus
52
Identify the landmark
Gyrus rectus
53
Identify the landmark
Orbital gyri
54
Identify the landmark
Uncus
55
Identify the landmark
Parahippocampal gyrus
56
Identify the landmark
Occipitotemporal sulcus (Inferior temporal sulcus)
57
Identify the landmark
Occipitotemporal gyrus (fusiform gyrus)
58
Identify the landmark
Collateral sulcus
59
Which structure is directly adjacent to the postcentral gyrus?
A. Angular gyrus
B. Lingual gyrus
C. Middle frontal gyrus
D. Middle temporal gyrus
E. Supramarginal gyrus
Answer to flip side Question:
E.
Supramarginal gyrus
60
**Postcentral gyrus + Posterior paracentral gyrus**
represent which Brodmann's Area?
Identify the landmark representing Brodmann's Area
## Footnote
**3, 1, 2**
61
**Precentral gyrus + Anterior paracentral gyrus**
represent which Brodmann's Area?
Identify the landmark representing Brodmann's Area
## Footnote
**4**
62
**Pars opercularis**
represents which Brodmann's Area?
Identify the landmark representing Brodmann's Area
## Footnote
**44**
63
**Pars triangularis**
represents which Brodmann's Area?
Identify the landmark representing Brodmann's Area
## Footnote
**45**
64
**Pars orbitalis**
represents which Brodmann's Area?
Identify the landmark representing Brodmann's Area
## Footnote
**47**
65
**Supramarginal gyrus**
represents which Brodmann's Area?
Identify the landmark representing Brodmann's Area
## Footnote
**40**
66
**Angular gyrus**
represents which Brodmann's Area?
Identify the landmark representing Brodmann's Area
## Footnote
**39**
67
**Cuneus**
represents which Brodmann's Area?
Identify the landmark representing Brodmann's Area
## Footnote
**17,18,19**
68
**Calcarine sulcus + Lingual gyrus**
represent which Brodmann's Area?
Identify the landmark representing Brodmann's Area
## Footnote
**17**
69
Somatotopic organization
Topographically organized according to anatomical relationships
70
Sensory Homunculus
What we would look like if the amount of space in our brain dedicated to each of our body parts correlated with their actual size.
71
Function of:
## Footnote
**Precentral Gyrus**
**Primary somatomotor cortex**
72
Function of:
## Footnote
**Postcentral Gyrus**
**Primary somatosensory cortex**
73
Identify the landmark
Premotor cortex
74
Function of:
## Footnote
**Premotor cortex**
**Initital and sequencing of movements**
75
Identify the landmark
Frontal eye field
76
Identify the landmark
Prefrontal cortex
77
Identify the landmark
Broca's area
78
Function of:
## Footnote
**Frontal eye field**
**conscious eye movements**
79
Function of:
## Footnote
**Prefrontal cortex**
**intellect, problem solving, emotional control**
80
Function of:
## Footnote
**Broca's area**
**motor speech**
right side = **emotional speech**
81
Function of:
## Footnote
**Frontal lobe**
**Restraint, Initiative, Order**
82
Function of:
## Footnote
**Transverse temporal gyri of Heschl**
**Primary auditory cortex**
83
Identify the landmark
Occipitotemporal gyrus (fusiform gyrus)
84
Identify the landmark
Hippocampus
85
Identify the landmark
Lateral temporal lobe
86
Function of:
## Footnote
**Occipitotemporal gyrus (fusiform gyrus)**
**Recognition of faces and expressions**
87
Function of:
## Footnote
**Hippocampus**
**Infolding** of the cortex responsible for
**short-term declarative memory**
**Modulation of aggression**
(removed in patient H.M.)
88
Function of:
## Footnote
**Lateral temporal lobe**
**right = objects and faces**
**left = language**
**Wernicke's area (Brodmann's area 22)**
89
Which of the following is the most accurate way to describe the location of the cingulate gyrus?
A. Caudal to the parieto-occipital sulcus
B. Dorsal to the superior temporal gyrus
C. Ventral to the intraparietal sulcus
D. Ventral to the superior frontal gyrus
Answer to flip side Question:
D.
Ventral to the superior frontal gyrus
90
Function of:
## Footnote
**Cingulate gyrus**
Part of the **limbic** system
Controls **emotions**
Regulation of **visceral processes**
**Learning**
motor area = **genuine facial expressions**
91
Identify the regions responsible for smile of each picture
Left = **Primary motor cortex**
Right = **Cingulate motor area**
92
Identify the landmark
Primary visual cortex
93
Function of area around:
## Footnote
**Calcarine sulcus**
**Primary visual cortex**
94
Identify the landmark
Hypothalamus
95
Identify the landmark
Thalamus
96
Identify the landmark
Epithalamus
97
Identify the landmark
Diencephalon
98
Function of:
## Footnote
**Hypothalamus**
Maintains **homeostasis** for things such as **sleep, metabolism, sexual drive, hormone secretion, autonomics,** etc...
99
Function of:
## Footnote
**Thalamus**
**Relay** for **sensory information**
100
Function of:
## Footnote
**Epithalamus**
**Pineal body** in this region **regulates sleep**
101
Identify the landmark
Midbrain
102
Identify the landmark
Pons
103
Identify the landmark
Medulla
104
Identify the landmark
Brainstem
105
Function of:
## Footnote
**Brainstem**
Contains **nuclei** that **regulate cranial nerve functions** and **regulate visceral functions**
Ascending and descending **tracts** and **decussations**
106
Identify the landmark
Cerebellum
107
Function of:
## Footnote
**Cerebellum**
Modulates **motor output** (coordination)
**Balance**
**Learned movements**
**Learned response** to **stimuli**
108
Identify the landmark
Corpus Callosum
109
Identify the landmark
Fornix
110
Identify the landmark
Anterior commissure
111
Identify the landmark
Posterior commissure
