Exam 1 Cartilage and Bone

Question 1

What are the 3 types of Cartilage

Answer 1

1. Hyaline Cartilage
2. Elastic Cartilage
3. Fibrocartilage

Question 2

Small aggrigation of chondrocytes embeded in an amorphous matrix of ground substance reinforced by collagen type II fibers

Answer 2

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 3

where is Hyaline cartilage located?

Answer 3

axial and appendicular skeleton, growth plate, articular cartilage, nose, larynx, tracheal rings, bronchi

Question 4

what is articular cartilage

Answer 4

Hyaline cartilage located on the articular surface of bones

Question 5

characteristics of elastic cartilage

Answer 5

1. contains perichondrium, chondroblasts, and chondrocytes
2. abundant elastic fibers
3. flexible

Question 6

where is elastic cartilage found?

Answer 6

larynx, epiglottis, auditory canal, pinna of ear

Question 7

characteristics of fibrocartilage

Answer 7

1. no perichondrium
2. contains chondrocytes and lacunae
3. type 1 collagenous fibers
4. support and strength

Question 8

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 8

intervertebral discs, menisci, insertions of tendons, andibular symphysis, pubic symphysis

Question 9

what are the 2 types of bone?

Answer 9

1. woven (immature) Bone

2. Lamellar (mature) Bone

Question 10

type of bone that is present during fetal development

Answer 10

woven bone

Question 11

type of bone composed of successive concentric layers of bone around central canal containing blood vessels and nerves

Answer 11

Lamellar bone

Question 12

T/F Woven bones contains collagen fibers arranged in parallel pattern?

Answer 12

F, Fibers randomly arranged

Question 13

T/F Lamellar bone contains collagen fibers arranged in parallel pattern

Answer 13

T

Question 14

What are Mesenchymal cells

Answer 14

stem cells of bone and cartilage

Question 15

What is perichondrium?

Answer 15

zone of condensed connective tissue containing elongated fusiform cells that resemble fibroblasts
have cartilage forming potential
give rise to chondroblasts

Question 16

what is ground substance composed of?

Answer 16

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Question 17

what are proteoglycans?

Answer 17

GAGs bound to protein

responsible for the strong flexible property of cartilage

Question 18

what are chondrocytes?

Answer 18

Mature cells of cartilage

have active role in synthesis of ground substance and fibrous elements of cartilage matrix

Question 19

what is the cartilage matrix made of?

Answer 19

1. Collagen fibers
2. elastic fibers
3. proteoglycans

Question 20

what is the territorial matrix?

Answer 20

the portion of the ECM surrounding each chondrocyte

Question 21

two types of cartilage growth

Answer 21

1. interstitial growth

2. appositional growth

Question 22

growth from within the cartilage

Answer 22

interstitial growth

Question 23

growth at the periphery of the cartilage

Answer 23

appositional growth

Question 24

what is the classification of cartilage based upon?

Answer 24

amount of collagen or elastic fibers present within the ECM

Question 25

what is the most abundant type of cartilage?

Answer 25

Hyaline

Question 26

the matrix of hyaline cartilage is made up of

Answer 26

1. GAGs 2. hyaluronic acid 3. glycoprotein (chondronectin) 4. type II collagenous fibrils

Question 27

T/F Articular cartilage does not have perichondrium?

Answer 27

T

Question 28

T/F fibrocartilage has ability to regenerate damaged cells?

Answer 28

F, No Perichondrium

Question 29

Fibrocartilage contains type ____ mcollagenous fibers

Answer 29

1

Question 30

what are fibrocytes

Answer 30

Innactive fibroblasts

Question 31

what are the 4 functions of bones?

Answer 31

1. support and protection 2. shape and movement 3. calcium reserve 4. calcium homeostasis

Question 32

what is osteoid

Answer 32

cells and organic ECM containing primarily glycoproteins and collagen fibers

Question 33

what type of collagen is bone mainly made up of?

Answer 33

type 1

Question 34

what is bone inorganic matrix made up of?

Answer 34

hydroxyapatite crystals and collagen fibrils

Question 35

what is the main mineral in bone

Answer 35

calcium phosphate

Question 36

produces collagen fibers for bone

Answer 36

osteoblasts

Question 37

embeded in collagen fibers and serve as a carrier for minerals

Answer 37

proteoglycans

Question 38

a fibrous connective tissue layer that covers the external surface of bones

Answer 38

periosteum

Question 39

the inner delicate connective tissue surface of the bone

Answer 39

Endosteum

Question 40

4 functions of osteoblasts

Answer 40

1. Matrix formation 2. secrete type 1 collagen 3. Regulate mineralization 4. Differentiate to become osteocytes

Question 41

Where are osteoblasts located

Answer 41

external to osteoid matrix

Question 42

3 functions of osteocytes

Answer 42

1. maintain bone matrix 2. Extend filopodia through canaliculi 3. form gap junctions with neighboring cells

Question 43

where are osteocytes found?

Answer 43

in the lacunae

Question 44

what is the function of osteoclasts

Answer 44

digest bone and play role in Ca homeostasis

Question 45

where do osteoclasts originate from?

Answer 45

pluripotent stem cell of bone marrow

Question 46

where do osteoblasts originate from?

Answer 46

osteoprogenitor cells

Question 47

T/F osteocytes are mature cells incapable of undergoing mitosis?

Answer 47

T

Question 48

What is Howship's Lacunae?

Answer 48

Small cavity where osteoclasts are found

Question 49

2 forms of bone formation

Answer 49

1. intramembranous ossification | 2. endochondral ossification

Question 50

bone formation that occurs within membranes of condensed primitive mesenchymal tissue

Answer 50

intramembranous ossification

Question 51

bone formation that occurs in the majority of bones of the skeleton

Answer 51

Endochondral ossification

Question 52

bone formation where bone develops from a cartilaginous model that is subsequently replaced by osseus tissue at the ossification center

Answer 52

endochondral ossification

Question 53

what are osteons

Answer 53

the functional unit of mature bone

Question 54

what is the haversian canal?

Answer 54

canal at the center of each osteon, where arteries and veins are located

Question 55

which type of stain is used to show canaliculi and lacunae in bone

Answer 55

India Ink

Question 56

What is Volkman's Canal?

Answer 56

Canal that links neighboring Haversian Canals together

Question 57

Bone formation and resorption are influenced by:

Answer 57

1. PTH 2. Vitamin D deficiency 3. Hormones 4. Genetics

Question 58

why is PTH relevant in bone formation

Answer 58

Can inc. the recruitment and activity of osteoclasts

Question 59

what is the synovial joint

Answer 59

joint cavity between two movable bones

Question 60

T/F synovial cells are epithelial cells

Answer 60

F, specialized connective tissue, lack Basement Memb.

Question 61

what are the 3 functions of synovial fluid?

Answer 61

1. Nutrition 2. Lubrication 3. Protection