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Micro Anatomy > Exam 2 Muscle > Flashcards

Exam 2 Muscle Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 basic tissues of the body:

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Connective Tissue
  3. Muscle Tissue
  4. Nervous Tissue
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2
Q

What are two other names for muscle cells

A

myocytes myofibers

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3
Q

Which layer do muscle fibers originate from?

A

Mesoderm

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4
Q

They cytoplasm of muscle cells

A

Sardcoplasm

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5
Q

What is contained in the Sarcoplasm?

A

Glycogen and Myoglobin

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6
Q

The plasma Memb. of the muscle cell

A

Sarcolemma

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7
Q

The highly specialized smooth ER of a muscle cell

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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8
Q

What is the importance of the SR

A

regulate calcium flow

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of Cross striated muscle

A
  1. Cardiac

2. Skeletal

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10
Q

What is another term for Myoepithelial cells?

A

Basket cells

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11
Q

T/F striations are seen in myocytes when cut in cross section?

A

F. Longitudinal Sections

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12
Q

Mesenchymal cells align and fuse together forming multinucleated tubes called:

A

Myotubes

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13
Q

Myotubes differentiate forming functional ______ and the nuclei are displaced against the plasma memb.

A

Myofilaments

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14
Q

Cells that do not differentiate and remain mesenchymal cells,

A

Satellite cells

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15
Q

What is the purpose of satellite cells?

A

muscle repair

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16
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue surrounding the muscle

A

Epimysium

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17
Q

A whole muscle can be made up of many smaller bundles known as:

A

Fascicles

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18
Q

Each Fascicle is surrounded by

A

Perimysium

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19
Q

What is a fascicle made up of?

A

Myocytes/Myofibers

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20
Q

Myofibers contain cylindrical bundles of ______ which in turn contain many smaller bundles of ______

A

Myofibrils, Myofilaments

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21
Q

Individual myocytes are surrounded by reticular fibers forming the _____

A

Endomysium

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22
Q

The contractile element of muscles

A

Sarcomere

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23
Q

What are Myofibrils made of?

A

Actin and Myosin

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24
Q

What are the regulatory proteins of Myofilaments?

A

Tropomyosin

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25
T/F the light zone only contains Actin
T
26
T/F The dark zone only contains Myosin
F. Myosin +/- Actin
27
What is another name for the light zone
I Band
28
What is another name for the Dark zone
A Band
29
What is the H zone?
Only contains M
30
What is the M line
Center, where myosin is anchored
31
What is anchored to the Z-Line?
Actin
32
What are the 5 steps of muscle contraction?
1. Calcium binds troponin 2. Tropomyosin moves exposing byosin-binding site on actin 3. Myosin head binds to Actin ATP to ADP 4. Bound thin filament slides over thick 5. shortening of entire muscle fiber
33
What is the main function of the SR?
Stores and releases calcium ions to initiate contractions
34
The expanded ends of the SR
Terminal Cisterna
35
What are the 2 types of skeletal muscles?
1. Type 1 (red muscle) | 2. Type 2 (White muscle)
36
Another name for red muscle
Slow twitch
37
What accounts for the dark color of red muscle?
Myoglobin
38
T/F Slow twitch muscle requires Aerobic metabolism to resist fatigue?
T
39
List 3 facts about slow twitch muscle
1. High fat, low glycogen 2. Many mitochondria 3. Myoglobin to help transfer O2
40
What is another name for White Muscle?
Fast twitch
41
Give some examples of Slow twitch muscle
Postural muscles of mammals, pectoral muscles of birds
42
T/F White muscle undergoes anaerobic meabolism
T
43
T/F White Muscle is less prone to fatigue than red muscle?
F More prone to fatigue
44
List 3 facts about Fast twitch muscle
1. low fat, high glycogen 2. less myoglobin 3. few mitochondria
45
Does cardiac muscle undergo aerobic or anaerobic metabolism?
Aerobic
46
What are the 2 types of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle
Gap junctions and desmosomes
47
Attach cardiac muscle cells to each other, providing strength and the ability to function as a syncytium
Intercalated Discs
48
Intercalated discs consist of 2 elements:
1. Transverse element | 2. Longitudinal element
49
What is the function of Transverse elements?
Anchor/ Strong attachment
50
What is the function of Longitudinal elements
Communication / Propagation of electrical impulses
51
A Desmosome is an example of a _______ element
Transverse
52
A Gap Junction is an example of a ______ element
Longitudinal
53
What are the 2 types of Cardiomyocytes?
1. Contractile | 2. Conductile
54
Modified cardiac muscle fibers in the subendothelial tissue, concerned with conducting impulses through the heart
Purkinje Fibers
55
Groups of purkinje fibers are known as
Purkinje Fibers also
56
What is the purpose of cytoplasmic dense bodies in smooth muscles
anchors for myofilaments
57
T/F smooth muscle is similar to skeletal muscle and contain Desmosomes, gap juncions, and t tubules
F. No T tubules
58
What are the 2 types of smooth muscle cells?
Single smooth muscle | Multi-unit smooth muscle
59
Where is single smooth muscle found
Visceral organs
60
how do cells of single smooth muscle communicate?
gap junctions
61
Where is Multi-unit smooth muscle found>
Iris of eye
62
what is the function of Multi unit smooth muscle
precise contraction
63
T/F Multi-Unit smooth muscle cells behave like syncytium contracting in a network
F Individual innervation of each myocyte
64
T/F Single smooth muscle behave like syncytium contracting in a network?
T
65
What are the 4 functions of smooth muscle cells?
1. peristalsis- Wave like contractions 2. Vascular Dynamics - blood pressure 3. propulsion- bladder 4. Secretion
66
Myoepithelial cells origin?
Ectoderm
67
What stimulates Myoepithelial cells?
Hormones
68
Where are myoepithelial cells located?
Salivary glands, mammary glands, lacrimal glands
69
What is another name for myoepithelial cells?
Basket cells

Micro Anatomy (16 decks)

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