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Micro Anatomy > Final Exam Urinary System > Flashcards

Final Exam Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 urinary organs?

A
  1. kidneys
  2. ureters
  3. urinary bladder
  4. urethra
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2
Q

What are the 5 functions of the urinary organs?

A
  1. Water and electrolyte homeostasis
  2. Excretion of toxic waste and water
  3. Production of hormones
  4. Regulation of BP
  5. Activation of Vit. D
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3
Q

What are 4 ways urinary organs balance water and electrolyte homeostasis

A
  1. filtration of cellular waste from blood
  2. selective re absorption of water and solutes
  3. regulation of fluid balance
  4. maintain acid base balance
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4
Q

What hormones are produced by the urinary organs?

A
  1. renin

2. erythropoietin

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5
Q

What apparatus in the urinary organs is important in regulation of BP

A

juxtaglomerular apparatus

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6
Q

which species have unilobular kidneys?

A

Dogs, horses

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7
Q

what does erythropoietin do

A

RBC formation

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8
Q

Which species have multilobular kidneys?

A

porcine, bovine

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9
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

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10
Q

what are the 2 ways of osmoregulation in the nephron of the kidney?

A
  1. filtration of small molecules from blood

2. selective re-absorption of water and other molecules

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11
Q

What are the 2 regions of the kidney?

A
  1. Cortex

2. Medulla

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12
Q

which section of the kidney has the renal corpuscules?

A

cortex

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13
Q

Which section of the kidney has the nephrons?

A

Medulla

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14
Q

Which section of the kidney has the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?

A

Cortex

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15
Q

Which section of the kidney houses the nephron loops?

A

Cortex

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16
Q

Which section of the kidney has the collecting ducts and vasa recta

A

Medulla

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17
Q

What are the 2 parts of the nephron?

A
  1. renal corpuscle

2. renal tubules

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18
Q

What are the 2 parts of the renal corpuscule

A
  1. glomerulus

2. bowman’s capsule

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19
Q

what are the 3 segments of the renal tubules

A
  1. proximal segment
  2. thin/thick segment
  3. distal segment
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20
Q

What are the 4 cells of the renal corpuscle

A
  1. podocytes
  2. squamous cells
  3. endothelial cells
  4. mesangial cells
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21
Q

cells that form the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule

A

Podocytes

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22
Q

Cells that form the parietal layer of glomerular capsule

A

Squamous cells

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23
Q

Cells that form fenestrated glomerular capillaries in renal corpuscle

A

Endothelial cells

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24
Q

Cells that are between fenestrated capillaries of renal corpuscle

A

Mesangial cells

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25
Allows small molecules in blood to pass from the glomerular capillary into the urinary space of renal corpusculse
Fenestrated Capillaries
26
Filtrate enters the tubular system via the ______
Urinary pole
27
What are the 3 stages of urine formation
1. primary filtrate 2. reabsorption of substances 3. tubular secretion
28
What is secreted by the convoluted tubules
K, H, NH4
29
What are the 3 components of the Blood urine Barrier
1. Endothelium of glomerular capillary 2. glomerular BM 2. Podocytes
30
What are mesangial cells?
phagocytic cells, contractile, receptors for ANgiotensis II, provide support to capillaries
31
What are the 6 steps of the glomerular filtrate pathway?
1. urinary space of bowman's capsule 2. proximal convoluted tubules 3. nephron loop 4. distal convoluted tubules 5. collecting papillary duct 6. calyx or renal pelvis
32
What are the 3 segments of the renal tubules?
1. proximal tubule 2. thin descending and thick ascending limb of nephron loop 3. distal convoluted tubule
33
Where do proximal tubules begin?
at urinary pole of renal corpuscle
34
What lines the proximal tubules?
cuboidal tubular epithelial cells with brush border
35
What is absorbed in the PCT?
NA and water from glomerular filtrate glucose and AA too
36
What are PCT once they leave the cortex and enter the medulla?
Proximal straight tubules
37
What are the 3 segments of nephron's loop?
1. Thin descending 2. Thin ascending 3. Thick straight ascending
38
Nephron loops parallel the course of ______, facilitating ion and water exchange
Vasa Recta
39
T/F. DCT Have a brush border
F. PCT
40
What is absorbed by the DCT?
Na+; PO4-; Ca++
41
Cells of the DCT are the main target cells of ______.
Aldosterone
42
T/F/ DCT contain Macula Densa?
T
43
Specialized cells of the distal convoluted tubule adjacent to specialized smooth muscle cells of the afferent and efferent arterioles
Macula Densa
44
What are the 4 ways the Macula Densa cells balance water and electrolytes?
1. Filtration of wastes from blood 2. selective reabsortion of H2o and solutes 3. Regulation of fluid balande 4. Maintain electrolyte's homeostasis/ acid base balance
45
What are the 4 functions of the Macula Densa Cells?
1. water/electrolyte homeostasis 2. production of renin and erythropoietin 3. Regulation of BP (juxtaglom. appa.) 4. Activation of Vit. D
46
What are the 2 components of the Juxtaglomerular App.
1. Macula Densa | 2. Juxtaglomerular cells
47
What do the macula densa cells do in regards to the JG apparatus
sense Na concentrations
48
What do juxtaglomerular cells do in regards to the JG apparatus?
Sense BP and secrete renin in response.
49
What type of receptor is found in the macula densa?
chemoreceptor
50
What type of receptor is found in the jg cells?
Baroreceptor
51
What is located in the lumen of the D. collecting ducts?
urine
52
Where does the terminal portion of the papillary ducts empty?
area cribrosa of the renal crest or papilla
53
What do the principle cells of the collecting ducts do?
reabsorb Na and H2O
54
which cells of the collecting ducts participate in Acid base balance
intercalated cells
55
What does the vesa recta do in the renal papilla?
Take away water passing through collecting and papillayr ducts
56
what is special about the urinary bladder in the horse?
Has clusters of mucous glands
57
What are the 3 tunics of the urinary bladder?
1. Tunica mucosa 2. Tunica muscularis 3. tunica serosa
58
What is the transitional epithelium of the tunica mucosa of the bladder called?
urothelium
59
What are the 2 segments of the male urethra?
1. . pelvic | 2. penile
60
Epithelial cells are dreived from which germ layers?
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
61
mesenchyme is derived from which germ layers?
mesoderm, ectoderm
62
What are the 3 stages of renal development?
1. pronephros 2. mesonephros 3. metanephros

Micro Anatomy (16 decks)

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