Exam 3 Blood and Hematopoiesis

Question 1

What are the 3 functions of blood?

Answer 1

1. Transport
2. Temp. regulation
3. Water balance

Question 2

What are the 2 broad categories of blood contents?

Answer 2

1. plasma (60%)

2. formed elements (40%)

Question 3

What are the 3 components of plasma?

Answer 3

1. Water (90%)
2. Proteins (8%)
3. Other solutes (2%)

Question 4

What is the diff. between plasma and serum?

Answer 4

plasma is found in vasculature and serum lacks coagulation proteins (fibrinogen)

Question 5

What are the 3 major formed elements found in blood?

Answer 5

1. RBC
2. WBC
3. Platelets

Question 6

What is the most numerous formed element in blood?

Answer 6

RBC

Question 7

what are the 2 functions of RBCs?

Answer 7

1. Carry O2 to tissue and Co2 to lungs

2. Involved in acid-base homeostasis

Question 8

the size of RBCs are measured in ____

Answer 8

Femtoliters (fL)

Question 9

T/F. RBC lifespan is about the same between all species?

Answer 9

F. varies by size

Question 10

What is different about caprine RBCs?

Answer 10

Can have spherical shape

Question 11

______ are sickle-shped RBCs that form after O2 exposure in Deer.

Answer 11

Drepanocytes

Question 12

Why are camelid erythrocyes oval?

Answer 12

to prevent RBCs from bursting after gorging themselves with water after long periods without water.

Question 13

What are polychromatophils?

Answer 13

RBCs that are 1 stage back in development

Question 14

T/F. It is abnormal in mammals to find nucleated RBCs?

Answer 14

T

Question 15

What are the least numerous cells found in formed blood?

Answer 15

Leukocytes

Question 16

What is the function of WBCs?

Answer 16

inflammation and the immune response

Question 17

What are the 2 major categories of WBCs?

Answer 17

1. Myeloid

2. Lymphoid

Question 18

What are the 4 types of Myeloid WBCs?

Answer 18

1. Neutrophils
2. Eosinophils
3. Basophils
4. Monocytes

Question 19

What is the 1 type of lymphoid WBC?

Answer 19

Lymphocytes

Question 20

What are the most numerous WBCs

Answer 20

Neutrophils

Question 21

What is the function of Neutrophils

Answer 21

Innate immunity

Phagocytic and killing cells

Question 22

What are neutrophils in rabbits, guinea pigs, birds, reptiles, and amphibians called?

Answer 22

Heterophils

Question 23

What do monocytes differentiate into when in tissue?

Answer 23

Macrophages

Question 24

What are the 3 functions of monocytes?

Answer 24

1. Phagocytosis
2. Antigen presentation to T-lymohocytes
3. iron storage and recycling

Question 25

What is Mononuclear Phagocytic System (MPS) comprised of?

Answer 25

1. Circulating monocytes | 2. Tissue macrophages

Question 26

What is the main function of eosinophils?

Answer 26

Modulate Delayed and immediate type hypersensitivity reactions.

Question 27

Which Type of WBC defends an animal against helminthic parasites?

Answer 27

Eosinophils

Question 28

What is the least numerous WBC in blood?

Answer 28

Basophils

Question 29

What would an inc. number of Basophils mean?

Answer 29

Parasitic infestations and allergic reactions

Question 30

Which WBC contains Histamine?

Answer 30

Basophils

Question 31

What is the second most numerous cell population in blood?

Answer 31

Lymphocytes

Question 32

What is the main function of lymphocytes?

Answer 32

immune response

Question 33

What are the 4 main subpopulations of lymphocytes?

Answer 33

1. small lymphocytes 2. large granular lymphocytes 3. reactive lymphocytes 4. plasma cells

Question 34

What are the 2 main functions of platelets?

Answer 34

1. primary hemostasis (clotting) | 2. Role in the primary inflammatory response

Question 35

Which type of stain is able to distinguish between blood cells?

Answer 35

Romanowsky stain

Question 36

What are other names for romanowsky stain?

Answer 36

wrights, may-frimwald

Question 37

What are the 2 standard stains used in Romanowsky stain?

Answer 37

eosin and methylene

Question 38

What are the two types of bone marrow?

Answer 38

Red marrown and yellow marrow

Question 39

What are the 2 main functions of red marrow?

Answer 39

1. Produces all blood cells | 2. stores iron

Question 40

What is Yellow marrow?

Answer 40

Fatty tissue that replaces red marrow in aging animals

Question 41

What are the 4 components of bone marrow?

Answer 41

1. sinusoids 2. stromal cells 3. cells 4. macrophages

Question 42

What is the function of stromal cells?

Answer 42

Support structure of bone marrow

Question 43

The process where specialized cellular precursors develop into highly differentiated cells of peripheral blood.

Answer 43

Hematopoiesis

Question 44

What are the 3 sites of postnatal hematopoiesis?

Answer 44

1. bone marrow 2. Liver 3. spleen

Question 45

What are the 4 clinically relevent sites of hematopoiesis in bone bone marrow?

Answer 45

1. femur 2. humerus 3. pelvis 4. sternum

Question 46

What are the last 3 stages of erythropoiesis?

Answer 46

1. metarubricyte 2. Polychromatophil 3. RBC

Question 47

What are the 3 cell types that can be formed in granulopoiesis?

Answer 47

1. eosinophils 2. Segmented neutrophil 3. Basophil

Question 48

Where does granulopoiesis occur?

Answer 48

Bone marrow

Question 49

What regulates granulopoiesis?

Answer 49

CSF and inflammatory cytokines

Question 50

What does monopoiesis create?

Answer 50

Monocyte

Question 51

What is thrombopoiesis?

Answer 51

formation of platelets

Question 52

Where do B lymphocytes mature?

Answer 52

In the Bone marrow of Bursa of fabricius

Question 53

Where do T lymphocytes mature?

Answer 53

Thymus

Question 54

What is lymphopoiesis?

Answer 54

Creates B and T lymphocytes